30) Unit 2 - Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

Name an advantage and 2 disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 1

ADV:
•Greater genetic variation - produces organisms with the ability to adapt to changing environments or survive new strains of disease

DISAD:
•slow reproduction rate - only half the population can produce offsprings

•only half of the parents genome is passed to offspring so disruption of a successesful parental genome

Question 2

name 3 advantages and 1 disadvantage of asexual reproduction

Answer 2

ADV:
•metabolic cost is low
•fast reproduction rate - all members of population can reproduce
•successful reproductive strategy in narrow niches or when recolonizing a disturbed environment

DISAD:
•lack of genetic diversity - can only survive in narrow stable environments with narrow types of parasites

Question 3

Name the types of asexual reproduction in eukaryotes

Answer 3

• Vegetative cloning (plants)

* Parthenogenesis (animals)

Question 4

Describe types of vegetative cloning

Answer 4

• Bulbs - onions and garlic
• Runners - Strawberry plants
• Fungi and non flowering plants use asexually produced spores for dispersal to colonise new environments

Question 5

Describe what parthenogenesis

Answer 5

•Where an offspring is produced asexually without the need for the fertilization of the egg

Question 6

What types of conditions are needed for parthenogenesis

Answer 6

• cold climates

* low parasite density and diversity

Question 7

how do prokaryotes do asexual reproduction

what additional mechanism will these organisms use

Answer 7

• Prokaryotes (bacteria & archea) use asexual reproduction for their main reproduction - simply divide
• These organisms will commonly have horizontal gene transfer mechanisms