30 Personality Flashcards
what is personality?
Distinctive, enduring ways of thinking, feeling, acting that impacts responses to life events
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory (psychodynamic approach)
- studied hysteria though suppressed memories & feelings
contagious: superego
pretentious: ego
unconscious: (id)
freud’s 3 structures of personalty
id: most unconscious, prime, immediate gratification, impulse - developed form birth
ego: control, in touch with reality, communication between id and realistic - developed second
Superego: moral, how one should behave in society
Freud’s Psychosexual development
oral stage:infancy
Anal stage:2-3 yrs - toilet training = orderliness
Phalic Stage: 4-5 yrs - Oedipus/electra complex, fear developed: boys being castrated by father, girls frustrated at not having a penis, fears resolved by relationship with opposite sex parent
Jung’s Neoanalytic approach
Personal unconsciousness: individual life experiences
Collective unconsciousness: human’s history
Archetypes:
the humanist approach: personal contract theory (Kelly)
personal contracts: cognitive categories of our environment…?
the humanist approach: theory of self (rogers)
the self: idea of self
self consistentcy: consistency between self perceptions
congruence: consistency between self and experiences
self actualisation: pinnacle of success/ personal fulfilment
need for positive self regard: desire to feel good about ourselves
conditions of worth: conditions under which we approve of ourselves
ct:
- relies too heavily on self report
+ good for positive focus
the trait perspective
personality traits: relatively stable cognitive, behavioural, emotional traits that distinguish them from others
lexical approach: using existing langage to propose traits
factor ananlysis: statistical clusters of behaviours that are often found together = 1 trait
Eyesenk’s super traits extraversion-stability model)
personality = 2 super traits
- extraversion: social crowd thriving
- stability: susceptibility to
the 5 factor model
Openess Calm Extraversion Ayour mum N
measured by NEO-PI scale
ct:
- only focuses on description not explanation
- needs to focus on how traits interact w one another
Tellegen 1988 twin study
4 groups of twin pairs
found that shared home envronment accounted for v little, more genetics, personal experiences a bit.
Eyesenk’s Biological perspective (extraversion-stability)
extraversion vs introversion - arousal levels (neurochemistry)
stable vs unstable - (neurotic = large shifts)
evaluation of biological perspective
- most empirically researched - scientifically supported
- more research needed to unseated how genes and environment interact
social-cognitive perspective
focus on the interaction between internal thinking and external factors on determining personality.
Rotter’s social-cog perspective
that planned input behaviour will yield expected results, eg revising, doing well in exam (locus of control level determines how autonomous they feel in controlling their success)
