30 Personality Flashcards
what is personality?
Distinctive, enduring ways of thinking, feeling, acting that impacts responses to life events
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory (psychodynamic approach)
- studied hysteria though suppressed memories & feelings
contagious: superego
pretentious: ego
unconscious: (id)
freud’s 3 structures of personalty
id: most unconscious, prime, immediate gratification, impulse - developed form birth
ego: control, in touch with reality, communication between id and realistic - developed second
Superego: moral, how one should behave in society
Freud’s Psychosexual development
oral stage:infancy
Anal stage:2-3 yrs - toilet training = orderliness
Phalic Stage: 4-5 yrs - Oedipus/electra complex, fear developed: boys being castrated by father, girls frustrated at not having a penis, fears resolved by relationship with opposite sex parent
Jung’s Neoanalytic approach
Personal unconsciousness: individual life experiences
Collective unconsciousness: human’s history
Archetypes:
the humanist approach: personal contract theory (Kelly)
personal contracts: cognitive categories of our environment…?
the humanist approach: theory of self (rogers)
the self: idea of self
self consistentcy: consistency between self perceptions
congruence: consistency between self and experiences
self actualisation: pinnacle of success/ personal fulfilment
need for positive self regard: desire to feel good about ourselves
conditions of worth: conditions under which we approve of ourselves
ct:
- relies too heavily on self report
+ good for positive focus
the trait perspective
personality traits: relatively stable cognitive, behavioural, emotional traits that distinguish them from others
lexical approach: using existing langage to propose traits
factor ananlysis: statistical clusters of behaviours that are often found together = 1 trait
Eyesenk’s super traits extraversion-stability model)
personality = 2 super traits
- extraversion: social crowd thriving
- stability: susceptibility to
the 5 factor model
Openess Calm Extraversion Ayour mum N
measured by NEO-PI scale
ct:
- only focuses on description not explanation
- needs to focus on how traits interact w one another
Tellegen 1988 twin study
4 groups of twin pairs
found that shared home envronment accounted for v little, more genetics, personal experiences a bit.
Eyesenk’s Biological perspective (extraversion-stability)
extraversion vs introversion - arousal levels (neurochemistry)
stable vs unstable - (neurotic = large shifts)
evaluation of biological perspective
- most empirically researched - scientifically supported
- more research needed to unseated how genes and environment interact
social-cognitive perspective
focus on the interaction between internal thinking and external factors on determining personality.
Rotter’s social-cog perspective
that planned input behaviour will yield expected results, eg revising, doing well in exam (locus of control level determines how autonomous they feel in controlling their success)
social cog scoring test
locus of control
high: external LOC
low: Internal LOC
- more resitant to social inlfuence, less depression, anxiety, better grades, deal with stress better - problem focused, active manner
self efficacy NOTES CONT
1) performance expectancies - experience from similar previous experiences
2) observational learning - exposure to someone similar to you achieving a new record/goal
3) verbal persuasion -
4)
scientific measures of personality tests (same as IQ tests)
Reliability:
Validity:
evaluation of interviews
- interviewer characteristics influencing responses
- depends on the interviewee’s desire to cooperate - willingness to tell truth/candid
personality scale types
objective measures: previously agreed on objective measures
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