3.0 Hardware Flashcards
CAD/CAM workstation
(CAD)Computer Aided Design /(CAM)Computer Aided Manufacturing Requiments: • SSD • High-speed storage • High-end video • Complex graphics • Maximum RAM • Significant memory use
VDI client
VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure) clients display applications that are
running on other servers, and it’s very common to run VDI clients on thin
clients or other minimally-configured systems.
NAS
A NAS (Network Attached Storage) server requires plenty of storage and high-speed networking, but does not require advanced video functionality.
Thin client
A thin client is a computer with the minimum hardware resources
required to perform a remote desktop or remote control function. The
applications used on a thin client are run on a remote server, so the local
device does not require any high-end components.
DVD-ROM
The DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disc - Read Only Memory) format
has the advantage of a relatively large storage area and the ability to
write once and never worry about an accidental deletion. The storage of
documents and other files is a common use of DVD-ROM optical discs.
KVM
- Keyboard, Video and Mouse
* Use many computers with a single keyboard, video display, and mouse
Graphics workstations
• Computer Aided Design (CAD) / • Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) • SSD • High-speed storage • High-end video • Complex graphics • Maximum RAM • Significant memory use Audio/Video editing workstation
Audio/Video editing workstation
- Specialized audio and video card
- High quality audio
- Powerful video
- Large fast hard drive
- Constant disk writes
- SSD
- Dual monitors
- Edit in one monitor, view output in the other
Virtualization workstation
- Maximum RAM
- Every OS needs its own memory
- It adds up quickly!
- Maximum CPU cores
- Constant processing
- Need an efficient CPU
- Most virtualization apps can use multiple cores
Gaming PC
- SSD
- Fast start and load times
- High-end video/specialized GPU
- Graphically complex
- High definition sound card
- Multiple layers, atmosphere
- High-end cooling
- High utilization for hours at a time
Standard thick client
• Desktop applications • Executable programs running in local memory and using local CPU • Meets recommended requirements for running the operating system • CPU, total RAM, disk space
Thin client
- Basic application usage
- Applications actually run on a remote server
- Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)
- Local device is a keyboard, mouse, and screen.
- Minimal operating system on the client
- No huge memory or CPU needs
- Network connectivity
- Big network requirement
- Everything happens across the wire
NAS
Network attached storage device • NAS - Access from anywhere • Media streaming - Central location • File sharing - Easy access • Gigabit NIC - High speed transfers • RAID array - Redundant hard drives
Laser printer
• Combine a laser, high voltage, charged ions,
powdered ink, heat, and paper
• Very high quality
• Fast printing speeds
• Very complex, many moving parts, requires on-printer
memory and messy on the inside
Laser printer STEPS
Step 1: Processing • Build the entire page in memory Step 2: Charging • Prepare the drum with a negative electrostatic charge Step 3: Exposing • Write the image with the laser Step 4: Developing • Add toner to the charged areas of the imaging drum Step 5: Transferring • Move the toner from the drum to the paper Step 6: Fusing • Heat and pressure Step 7: Cleaning • Remove excess toner
802.11 Ad hoc mode
- No access point
- Direct link between wireless devices
Ad hoc mode allows two devices to directly communicate over an 802.11
wireless link without using an access point.
Secure Boot
- Malicious software can “own” your system
- Malicious drivers or OS software
- Secure boot - part of the UEFI specification
- Digitally sign known-good software
- Cryptographically secure
- Software won’t run without the proper signature
- Support in many different operating systems
- Windows and Linux support
BIOS passwords
• BIOS Password / User Password • System won’t start • Need the password to start the operating system • Supervisor Password • Restrict BIOS changes • Must use supervisor password to change any BIOS configurations
Full disk encryption
- Everything is encrypted
- Not just individual files
- Windows BitLocker disk encryption
- BIOS integrates with TPM
- TPM - Trusted Platform Module
- Can be added to many motherboards
- Built-in to some systems
- Adds advanced cryptographic functions
LoJack for Laptops
Originally called CompuTrace
• Name licensed from the vehicle recovery service
• Built into the BIOS - software installed into the OS
• Reinstalls itself if removed or new storage drive installed
• “Phone home” function - provides location information
• Theft mode`- remotely lock the laptop and/or delete files
• Forces a startup password
A laser printer prints continuous black vertical lines down on the centre of the page. What is most likely the problem?
The drum is scratched.
Vertical Streaks or Lines in Laser printers
Empty toner cartridge
Scratched drum
Poorly distributed toner
Swapping out the cartridge for another should help you rule it out as the culprit. Vertical white lines also can signal an obstruction that prevents the laser from imaging pages correctly. Resolving that problem can require cleaning elements of the laser assembly or replacing it altogether.
Horizontal Lines in Laser printers
Horizontal printing defects and marks that appear at consistent intervals can arise from contaminated rollers. Manufacturers issue model-specific repetitive defect rulers you can use to correlate the position of the defects on the page with the arrangement and size of the rollers, cartridge components, fuser parts and other potential causes of non-random markings. Dropouts and non-repeating marks can result from the same problems that cause vertical defects, including laser contamination and toner cartridge malfunctions.
Laser printer calibration
- Different toner cartridges print with different densities
- Some dark, some light
- Laser printer calibration can adjust the density
- Makes it looks perfect
- Can be automated or a manual process
- Every printer is different
- Check the printer manual
Laser printer cleaning
- Laser printers are dirty - All that toner and paper dust
- Check the manufacturer’s recommendations
- Water, isopropyl alcohol (IPA)
- Don’t use harsh chemicals!
- Outside - Damp cloth
- Inside - Wipe dust away
- Don’t use a normal vacuum cleaner or compressed air
- Wash off skin with cold water
- Clean rollers with IPA
Laser printer maintenance kit
- Laser printers wear out
- All those moving parts
- Heat and pressure
- Standard maintenance kits
- Replacement feed rollers, new fuser unit, etc.
- When to perform maintenance?
- Check the printer’s page counter
- Power down and replace the components
- Fuser units are HOT
- Reset the page counter when you’re done!
Replacing the toner cartridge
- Look for the messages
- Low doesn’t mean empty
- The toner can also contain the OPC drum
- Organic Photoconductor drum
- Sensitive to light; keep it in the bag
- Power down the printer
- Safety first
- Remove packing strips from the new drum
- Replace it with the old
TRACERT command
If you are having connectivity problems, you can use the tracert command to check the path to the destination IP address that you want to reach and record the results. The tracert command displays the series of IP routers that are used in delivering packets from your computer to the destination and how long it took on each hop. If the packets are unable to be delivered to the destination, the tracert command displays the last router that successfully forwarded your packets.
Plug and Play
Plug and Play (PnP) is a combination of hardware and software support that enables a computer system to recognize and adapt to hardware configuration changes with little or no intervention by a user. A user can add devices to, and remove devices from, a computer system without having to do awkward and confusing manual configuration, and without having knowledge of intricate computer hardware. For example, a user can dock a portable computer and use the docking station keyboard, mouse, and monitor without making manual configuration changes.
What Is a Virtual LAN (VLAN)?
A virtual local area network is a logical subnetwork that groups a collection of devices from different physical LANs. Large business computer networks often set up VLANs to re-partition a network for improved traffic management. Several kinds of physical networks support virtual LANs, including Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
Dual Core vs Hyperthread Technology
Dual Core - that is a CPU with two physical cores
Hyperthreading - that is one CPU with one core, but acts to the operating system that it has two cores, multitasking based.
Hyper-Threading
Hyper-threading was Intel’s first attempt to bring parallel computation to consumer PCs. It debuted on desktop CPUs with the Pentium 4 HT back in 2002. The Pentium 4’s of the day featured just a single CPU core, so it could really only perform one task at a time—even if it was able to switch between tasks quickly enough that it seemed like multitasking. Hyper-threading attempted to make up for that.
Multiple Cores
Originally, CPUs had a single core. That meant the physical CPU had a single central processing unit on it. To increase performance, manufacturers add additional “cores,” or central processing units. A dual-core CPU has two central processing units, so it appears to the operating system as two CPUs. A CPU with two cores, for example, could run two different processes at the same time. This speeds up your system, because your computer can do multiple things at once
What Google Backs Up Automatically?
- Contacts, Email, Docs, and Calendars
- Chrome Browser Data
- Purchased Apps
Hyper-V
Microsoft Hyper-V supports three different types of virtual networks: external, internal and private. External virtual networks are the most commonly used because they allow a virtual machine (VM) to access the outside world. Internal virtual networks are isolated segments accessible by VMs and by the Hyper-V host, while private virtual networks are only accessible to VMs.
IPv6
With its 32-bit address format, IPv4 can handle a maximum of 4.3 billion unique IP addresses. While this number may seem very large, it is not enough to sustain and scale the rapidly rising growth of the Internet. Although improvements to IPv4, including the use of NAT, have allowed the extended use of the protocol, address exhaustion is inevitable and could happen as soon as 2012.
With its 128-bit address format, IPv6 can support 3.4 x 1038or340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 unique IP addresses. This number of addresses is large enough to configure a unique address on every node in the Internet and still have plenty of addresses left over. It is also large enough to eliminate the need for NAT, which has its own inherent problems.
How to update your system BIOS?
- Download the BIOS installation file from the manufacture and flash the BIOS
- Download the BIOS installation file from the manufacture and flash the BIOS and run an installation program in Windows to flash the BIOS
