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Explosive Breaching > 3.0 > Flashcards

3.0 Flashcards

1
Q

Define “Critical Diameter” of an explosive.

A

Minimum explosive diameter at which the combustion / detonation process, once initiated, will support itself until the exp is fully consumed and detonation is complete.

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2
Q

Define “Detonation Velocity.”

A

Speed at which the detonation shockwave travels through material.

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3
Q

Describe what happens during the positive phase of an explosion.

A

The blast pressure wave moves outward from the detonation point. The leading edge delivers a violent force. The phase is short, but destructive.

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4
Q

Describe what happens during the negative phase of an explosion.

A

Known as suction phase. It lasts 3 times longer in duration, a vacuum is formed at the detonation point, and the vacuum causes displaced air to reverse back to the detonation point.

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5
Q

Which of the two phases of an explosion is longer in duration?

A

The Negative Phase

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6
Q

Describe what the “shape charge effect” is and what three components of a shape charge are required to produce this effect.

A

Effect is created when a shape charge is detonated when a cavity of a shape charge is lined with metal or glass. The explosion will produce a narrow, deep hole greater than a shallow crater.
1. Cone Angle, 2. Linear, 3. Standoff.

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7
Q

Why does damage to a structure occur at a lower PSI value compared to injury of humans.

A

Structures have a larger surface area and are rigid compared to human tissue.

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8
Q

What is the PSI created inside a wood framed structured room with a volume of 10’ x 10’ x 12’ by an explosive charge weighing 4 ounces (TNT)

A

5.39

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9
Q

What predicted damage (if any) can be expected to this portion of the structure.

A

Windows will shatter. Frames will fall. Walls and roof rafters will crack. Ceiling tile will collapse. All mirrors, glass, light bulbs will shatter.

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10
Q

List 5 reasons why internal breaching may not be as practical as other methods.

A
  1. Fire / Breathing hazard
  2. Time factor to place charge / position deps.
  3. Type of barrier
  4. Vision obscure
  5. Fragmentation of the charge / barrier.
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11
Q

What is a “K-factor” and which value is used to calculate fragmentation hazard distances?

A

A constant numerical value for a specific PSI value used in the main equation for calculating safe separation distances and PSI distances to/from detonation.

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12
Q

What hazards could be produced during breaching operations using explosives?

A
  1. Blast - over-pressure.
  2. Fragmentation
  3. Fire
  4. Smoke / Fumes
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13
Q

When an explosive charge is selected for a given breach point that doesn’t exceed the required net explosive weight, the hazard to over-pressure is only outside the objective instead of inside. (T or F)

A

True

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14
Q

What two factors determine the type of configuration of an explosive charge to be utilized?

A
  1. Explosives available

2. Intended breach point.

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15
Q

What of the following are NOT one of the basic types of charge configurations?

A) Shape Charge Conical
B) Oval
C) Strips
D) Placement between non compressible mediums

A

A) Shape charge conical

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16
Q

Why must the net explosive weight of a charge be calculated?

A

To determine the potential damage of a charge to the surrounding area. It is also used to determine the safe distance from the charge from over-pressure.

17
Q

Explain what is meant by the “relative effectiveness” of an explosive and what explosive is used to compare the work potential of all other explosives.

A

The destructive potential of an explosive is compared to the work of TNT. The R.E. is the numerical value comparison.

18
Q

Aside from SW060-AA-MMA-0110 (Demolition Materials), which is used in this course, there are numerous credible sources for finding the relative effectiveness for an explosive, many which conflict. (T or F)

A

True

19
Q

An explosve charge consists of 54 gr/ft det cord, 10 grams of a 20gram booster, 24” of 125gr/ft flexible linear shaped charge, and a 6” x 6” square of C-2 explosive sheet.

A)What is the NEW in TNT?

B) What is the MSD for team personnel?

C) What is the maximum limit of the frag hazard zone?

D) What distance could damage to reinforced concrete walls occur that leave rebar exposed?

E) What distance could complete destruction to a metal (butler type) building occur?

A

A) 1.0

B) 18 feet

C) 328 feet

D) 10 feet

E) 20 feet

20
Q

A fracture charge consists of 54 feet of 50gr/ft det cord and 21 squares of C-8, 3” x 3” explosive sheet.

A) What is the NEW in TNT?

B)What is the MSD for team personnel?

C) At what distance could a wood framed structure collapse?

D) What distance could residential windows shatter?

A

A) 6.17

B) 33 feet

C) 28 feet

D) 138 feet

21
Q

A charge consists of 2’ of 50gr/ft det cord, 5 grams of a 20 gram booster, and 6’ x 1” strip of C-6 explosive sheet.

A) What is the NEW in TNT?

B)What is the MSD for team personnel?

C) At what distance could asbestos shingles shatter?

D) What distance could residential windows break?

E) What distance will corrugated aluminum paneling buckle?

A

A) 1.62

B) 22 feet

C) 53 feet

D) 88 feet

E) 88 feet

22
Q

List three courses of action that can be used to protect the team personnel from fragmentation.

A
  1. Breach point clear of debris and loose objects.
  2. Place charge so fragmentation travels away from team.
  3. Use natural cover and/or ballistic shields.
23
Q

What are basic type of charge configurations?

A
  1. Strips
  2. Between non compressible mediums
  3. Ovals and Squares.
24
Q

All firing systems should be dual primed. (T or F)

A

True

25
Q

What is the function of a “pig tail” portion of a firing system?

A

Quick tie in and quick removal of firing assembly.

26
Q

List the components of a tactical firing assembly.

A
  1. (2) shock tubes
  2. (2) detonators
  3. Mechanical initiator.
  4. one foot of 50gr/ft det cord
27
Q

After firing assembly is constructed, what information should be labeled on it?

A
  1. Date made
  2. By who
  3. Length
  4. Delay
28
Q

A “medium” may also serve as a tamping material in certain charge configurations (T or F).

A

True

29
Q

List five reasons why documentation is important.

A
  1. Establish historical overview of teams.
  2. Establish team’s professional credibility.
  3. Displays a professional accounting of teams performance.
  4. Establish a baseline to continue research.
  5. maintain a record of techniques that do and do not work.
30
Q

What are the three basic methods/mediums of documentation?

A
  1. Video
  2. Photos
  3. Shot paperwork documents.
31
Q

A breaching report should be completed for every explosive shot conducted (T or F)

A

True

32
Q

Which of the following statements should be covered in a range safety brief?

A) Who the range safety officer is.

B) The designated areas for explosives, detonators, construction, trash, and smoking.

C) Designated medical personnel and emergency procedures

D) Fire fighting plan

E) All of the above

A

E) All of the above

33
Q

Explain the procedures for shock tube firing assembly misfire during training or data collection.

A

Announce misfire. Relock device to fire 2X. If it fails, notify RSO. Team will hold in place. RSO will supervise cutting 6 inches off shock tube. Insert new primers. Re-attach shocktube to device. Fire charge on command. If misfire, announce “misfire.” Wait 30mins before inspection. RSO determines further.

34
Q

List at least four required characteristics of a primary shock tube initiating device for use in breaching operations.

A
  1. Dual initiator system / 2 shock tube leads.
  2. NATO threads / 2 primers
  3. Simple to operate / 2 safety’s
  4. Construction design to ensure positive detonation.
35
Q

A single shock tube initiator should never be utilized as your primary firing device in breaching operations (T or F)

A

True

36
Q

it is not a problem to substitute materials during charge construction if the procedures do not describe a substitution process. (T or F)

A

False

37
Q

What is the purpose of a fluid impulse charge? What 2 hazards are associated with its use?

A

To defeat wood / metal doors that open in / out

  1. Slippery conditions at breach point
  2. Electrical / missile hazards.

Explosive Breaching (6 decks)

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