30-38 MOD 3

Question 1

Latent phase and last phase of HIV infection

Answer 1

• Latent phase is characterized by no signs or symptoms of illness.
• The last phase or AIDS illness occurs when CD4+ cell count falls to less that 200 cells or exhibits an AIDS defining illness.

Question 2

Opportunistic infections

Answer 2

Common organisms that do not produce infection without impaired immune function

Question 3

Diagnostic methods for HIV

Answer 3

HIV antibody test known as enzyme immunoassay EIA or ELISA. If positive it is followed by confirmatory test the western blot assay.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in a nucleic acid test that can detect HIV DNA. Test fro presence of virus instead of antibodies.

Question 4

Cardinal Signs of inflammation

Answer 4

Rubor- Redness (caused by dilation of vessels)
Tumor -Swelling (due to extra vascular accumulation of fluid)
Calor- Heat (increased blood flow)
Dolor- Pain (increased pressure from accumulation of fluid)
Function Laesa - Loss of function

Question 5

2 Phases of acute inflammation

Answer 5

Vascular and cellular phase

Question 6

Steps in the cellular phase

Answer 6

Adhesion and Margination, Transmigration, and Chemotaxes

Question 7

Process of chronic inflammation and discuss how it often develops

Answer 7

May result from recurrent or progressive accuse inflammatory process or from low grade responses that fail to evoke an acute response. Involves the collection of macrophages and Lymphocytes instead of Neutrophils. Involves the proliferation of fibroblasts instead of exudates.

Question 8

3 stages of wound repair

Answer 8

1- Inflammatory phase
2- Proliferative phase
3- Wound contraction and remodeling phase

Question 9

Factors that can inhibit wound repair

Answer 9

Factors that affect wound healing negatively include malnutrition, decreased blood flow, and oxygen delivery, impaired inflammatory and immune responses, infection, wound separation, foreign bodies, and age.