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Integument > 3. Viral and Fungal Infections > Flashcards

3. Viral and Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Verruca vulgaris

A

warts

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2
Q

What is the etiology of warts

A

HPV 2 & 4

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3
Q

What is the mode of transmission for warts?

A

skin to skin contact of the hands and feet
hyperkeratosis of the stratum corneum

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4
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of warts?

A

thrombosed capillaries = tiny black and red spots
flat-topped papules on the face
hyperkeratotic papules with rough surface (verrucous

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5
Q

what is the treatment of warts?

A

cryotherapy
topical therapy (doctor of patient applied)

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6
Q

condyloma acuminata

A

genital warts

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7
Q

what is the etiology of genital warts

A

HPV 6 &11

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8
Q

What is the mode of transmission for genital warts?

A

skin to skin contact
subclinical infection
sexual transmission (penetration not necessary)
condoms do not offer protection

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9
Q

what is the clinical manifestation of genital warts?

A

1-2mm or greater flat papules to verrucous growths
oncogenic potential if types HPV 16 or 18

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10
Q

What is the common form of cancer for HPV 16 and 18?

A

squamous cell and cervical cancer

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11
Q

What types of HPV pose a high risk

A

16 and 18 70% cervical cancer

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12
Q

What types of HPV pose a low risk

A

6 and 11 %90 genital warts

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13
Q

b-19?

A

Human parvovirus

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14
Q

what are the 2 types of herpes simplex virus

A

type 1 (HSV-1) and (HSV-2)

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15
Q

What is HSV 1 mostly?

A

oral and skin

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16
Q

What is HSV 2 mostly?

A

urogenital

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17
Q

What is the transmission of herpes simplex

A

skin to skin
skin-mucosa
mucosa-skin contact

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18
Q

Primary infection of herpes simplex virus is in what group of people?

A

immunocompromised

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19
Q

In herpes simplex, how long does the primary infection last?

A

10-14 days

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20
Q

In herpes simplex, where does the primary infection go after lesions have disappeared?

A

This leads to viral entry to sensory and autonomic nerve endings, where the virus remains latent and can re-activate

21
Q

Can herpes simplex reoccur?

A

Yes

22
Q

What is the duration of recurrent herpes?

A

5 days

23
Q

How do you diagnose herpes simplex

A

Antigen detection by DFA or PCR in lesions
Tzanck smear

24
Q

What is seen on a Tzanck smear

A

multi-nucleated giant cells

25
Q

What is herpes simplex called in children

A

gingivostomatitis

26
Q

gingivostomatitis is what type of HSV

A

HSV-1

27
Q

What patient group can eczema herpeticum be found

A

patients with atopic dermatitis

28
Q

How can primary ocular HSV infections cause significant morbidity?

A

keratitis and acute retinal necrosis

29
Q

Encephalitis is related to what major disease?

A

BELL’S PALSY

30
Q

What is the proper name for shingles

A

Herpes Zoster

31
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of shingles

A

painful(days to weeks) vessicular rash(resolves in 7-10 days) in dermatomal distribution (thoracic/lumbar)

32
Q

What are some complications of shingles

A

Post herpetic neuralgia (PHN) and it can last >4 weeks after the onset of the rash

Secondary bacterial infections

33
Q

What is the main sign of herpes zoster opthalamicus

A

hutchinson’s sign of the 1st branch of the trigeminal nerve
(hard to miss)

34
Q

Measles (rubeola)

A

a RNA virus of the morbillivirus
that is highly communicable acute viral illness, maculopapular rash begins at head and spreads to involve trunk and extremities

35
Q

How does measles (rubeola) spread?

A

direct contact OR airborne spread

36
Q

What are complications of measles (rubeola) ?

A

otitis media, bronchopneumonia, GI sx (diarrhea),febrile seizures, ocular keratitis (can cause permanent scarring/vision loss)

37
Q

Roseola

A

due to HHV-6B

38
Q

where does roseola multiply in?

A

salivary glands

39
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of roseola?

A

rash more pink-red, non-pruritic, blanchable, begins on torso and spreads out to neck, face, and limbs, pt. appears well overall, rash after fever ends. Possible Nagayama spots

40
Q

How does rubella differ from roseola?

A

Rubella: rash more red-brown, distinct red spots, begins on face and at hairline and spreads , fever accompanies rash and resolves when rash stops spreading, pts appear sick, no soft palate mucosal/uvular base papules

41
Q

Zika virus

A

a stranded RNA virus of flaviviridae family

42
Q

How is zika virus transmitted?

A

mainly via a bite of infected Aedes mosquito

43
Q

What two viruses do Aedes mosquitos transmit?

A

dengue
chickungunya

44
Q

Zika virus can cause what, and is associated with what syndrome

A

microcephaly; Guillian Barre Syndrome

45
Q

What population should NOT travel to areas with active Zika virus

A

pregnant women

46
Q

What type of test does the CDC recommend for Zika virus

A

urine PCR testing within 2 weeks

47
Q

What is the common name for Tinea

A

ring worm

48
Q

What are the different forms of tinea

A

pedis = feet
corpora = body
barbae = beard
manum = hand
capititis = scalp
cruris = groin

Integument (6 decks)

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