3. Viral and Fungal Infections Flashcards
Verruca vulgaris
warts
What is the etiology of warts
HPV 2 & 4
What is the mode of transmission for warts?
skin to skin contact of the hands and feet
hyperkeratosis of the stratum corneum
What is the clinical manifestation of warts?
thrombosed capillaries = tiny black and red spots
flat-topped papules on the face
hyperkeratotic papules with rough surface (verrucous
what is the treatment of warts?
cryotherapy
topical therapy (doctor of patient applied)
condyloma acuminata
genital warts
what is the etiology of genital warts
HPV 6 &11
What is the mode of transmission for genital warts?
skin to skin contact
subclinical infection
sexual transmission (penetration not necessary)
condoms do not offer protection
what is the clinical manifestation of genital warts?
1-2mm or greater flat papules to verrucous growths
oncogenic potential if types HPV 16 or 18
What is the common form of cancer for HPV 16 and 18?
squamous cell and cervical cancer
What types of HPV pose a high risk
16 and 18 70% cervical cancer
What types of HPV pose a low risk
6 and 11 %90 genital warts
b-19?
Human parvovirus
what are the 2 types of herpes simplex virus
type 1 (HSV-1) and (HSV-2)
What is HSV 1 mostly?
oral and skin
What is HSV 2 mostly?
urogenital
What is the transmission of herpes simplex
skin to skin
skin-mucosa
mucosa-skin contact
Primary infection of herpes simplex virus is in what group of people?
immunocompromised
In herpes simplex, how long does the primary infection last?
10-14 days
In herpes simplex, where does the primary infection go after lesions have disappeared?
This leads to viral entry to sensory and autonomic nerve endings, where the virus remains latent and can re-activate
Can herpes simplex reoccur?
Yes
What is the duration of recurrent herpes?
5 days
How do you diagnose herpes simplex
Antigen detection by DFA or PCR in lesions
Tzanck smear
What is seen on a Tzanck smear
multi-nucleated giant cells
What is herpes simplex called in children
gingivostomatitis
gingivostomatitis is what type of HSV
HSV-1
What patient group can eczema herpeticum be found
patients with atopic dermatitis
How can primary ocular HSV infections cause significant morbidity?
keratitis and acute retinal necrosis
Encephalitis is related to what major disease?
BELL’S PALSY
What is the proper name for shingles
Herpes Zoster
What are some clinical manifestations of shingles
painful(days to weeks) vessicular rash(resolves in 7-10 days) in dermatomal distribution (thoracic/lumbar)
What are some complications of shingles
Post herpetic neuralgia (PHN) and it can last >4 weeks after the onset of the rash
Secondary bacterial infections
What is the main sign of herpes zoster opthalamicus
hutchinson’s sign of the 1st branch of the trigeminal nerve
(hard to miss)
Measles (rubeola)
a RNA virus of the morbillivirus
that is highly communicable acute viral illness, maculopapular rash begins at head and spreads to involve trunk and extremities
How does measles (rubeola) spread?
direct contact OR airborne spread
What are complications of measles (rubeola) ?
otitis media, bronchopneumonia, GI sx (diarrhea),febrile seizures, ocular keratitis (can cause permanent scarring/vision loss)
Roseola
due to HHV-6B
where does roseola multiply in?
salivary glands
What is the clinical manifestation of roseola?
rash more pink-red, non-pruritic, blanchable, begins on torso and spreads out to neck, face, and limbs, pt. appears well overall, rash after fever ends. Possible Nagayama spots
How does rubella differ from roseola?
Rubella: rash more red-brown, distinct red spots, begins on face and at hairline and spreads , fever accompanies rash and resolves when rash stops spreading, pts appear sick, no soft palate mucosal/uvular base papules
Zika virus
a stranded RNA virus of flaviviridae family
How is zika virus transmitted?
mainly via a bite of infected Aedes mosquito
What two viruses do Aedes mosquitos transmit?
dengue
chickungunya
Zika virus can cause what, and is associated with what syndrome
microcephaly; Guillian Barre Syndrome
What population should NOT travel to areas with active Zika virus
pregnant women
What type of test does the CDC recommend for Zika virus
urine PCR testing within 2 weeks
What is the common name for Tinea
ring worm
What are the different forms of tinea
pedis = feet
corpora = body
barbae = beard
manum = hand
capititis = scalp
cruris = groin
