1. Clinical and Histological Descriptive Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Dyskeratosis

A

Abnormal, premature keratinization of keratinocytes below the granular cell layer; often have brightly eosinophilic cytoplasm

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2
Q

Acantholysis

A

Loss of intercellular connections (desmosomes) between keratinocytes; causes change in cell shape from polygonal to round

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3
Q

Spongiosis and vesicles

A

Intraepidermal edema, causing splaying apart of keratinocytes in stratum spinosum, and vesicles due to shearing of desmosomes

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4
Q

Hypergranulosis

A

Hyperplasia of the stratum granulosum, often due to intense rubbing

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5
Q

Acanthosis

A

thickening of epidermis (squamous layer); rete ridges usually extend deeper into the dermis

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6
Q

Parakeratosis

A

Cells of cornified layer retain their nuclei, often less prominent or absent granular layer; normal for mucous membranes

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7
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Thickened cornified layer, often with a prominent granular layer

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8
Q

Onycholysis

A

separation of nail plate

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9
Q

Telangiectasia

A

A visible persistent dilation of small, superficial cutaneous blood vessels, may blanch

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10
Q

Erythema

A

Redness of skin due to increased blood flow, NOT leakage of blood into the skin, may blanch

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11
Q

Purpura

A

Extravasation of red blood cells into the skin or mucous membranes

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12
Q

Crust

A

A hardened layer that results when serum, blood, or purulent exudate dries on the skin surface

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13
Q

Scale

A

Dry, plate like excrescence usually due excess stratum corneum

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14
Q

Wheals

A

Itchy, transient, elevated area with variable blanching and erythema, due to dermal edema

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15
Q

Excoriations

A

Deep linear scratch that is often self-induced

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16
Q

Fissure

A

Canyon-like crack through the epidermis and into the dermis; NO tissue lost

17
Q

Ulceration

A

Discontinuity of skin causing complete loss of epidermis and possible loss of dermis

18
Q

Erosion

A

Discontinuity of skin causing partial loss of epidermis

19
Q

Pustule

A

Intraepidermal or subepidermal vesicle or bullae filled with pus

20
Q

Blister

A

Vesicle or bullae

21
Q

Cyst

A

Encapsulated cavity or sac lined by true epithelium

22
Q

Tumor

A

Solid, palpable, > 20 mm

23
Q

Nodule

A

Solid, palpable, > 10 mm

24
Q

Plaque

A

Elevated flat-topped area, usually > 10 mm

25
Papule
Elevated solid area, < 10 mm
26
Patch
Flat discoloration > 1 cm
27
Macule
Circumscribed flat colored area < 1 cm
28
Punch Biopsy
Removal of a "core" of tissue to establish a definitive diagnosis or to remove a small lesion
29
Shave Biopsy
Removal of a "shave" of tissue to a remove superficial lesion and/or to establish a diagnosis
30
What type of lesion should you try to biopsy?
primary
31
What stage should you biopsy?
diagnostic stage, not ruptured bullae, secondarily infected/scratched areas or involuting lesions
32
What does a biopsy do?
Captures histopathology only at one point in time in the evolution of a lesion
33
How should you take a biopsy?
Try to include a margin with both lesion and surrounding normal skin
34
What is integument?
Composed of skin and skin appendages
35
What is the role of integument?
Protects deeper tissues from injury, drying and invasion by foreign organisms
36
What vitamin does integument metabolizes?
Vitamin D
37
Does integument contain peripheral endings of sensory nerves?
yes
38
What are the histological layers of the skin?
Epidermis papillary dermis reticular dermis (hair follicles and sebaceous glands) subcutis
39
What are the layers of the epidermis?
Stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale