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Government And Economics: Unit 1 > 3. Types Of Governments > Flashcards

3. Types Of Governments Flashcards

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1
Q

A pluralistic society?

A

Guards the rights of its citizens, balancing the power of its government.

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2
Q

Aristotle

A

Ancient Greek philosopher, “founding father of political science”, wrote about formation and directions of governments.

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3
Q

Aristotle divided governments into ____ groups?

A

2, numerical and moral

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4
Q

Numerically, Aristotle claimed that all governments fall into one of ____ categories?

A

3
One person rules
A few people rule
Many people rule

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5
Q

Morally, Aristotle suggested that each of the numerically divided groups would be named according to?

A

How the government was run. Either for the benefit of the people or for the benefit of the ruling party.

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6
Q

Aristotle based his morality upon?

A

Whether the ruling party ruled for the benefit of the people (good) or the benefit of the ruling party (bad)

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7
Q

One ruling person

A

Monarchy (good)

Tyranny (bad)

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8
Q

A few people rule

A

Aristocracy (good)

Oligarchy (bad)

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9
Q

Many people rule

A

Polity (good)

Democracy (bad), had now lost it’s dangerous connotation.

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10
Q

Aristocracy

A

Government by privileged citizens or the upper class

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11
Q

Democracy

A

Rule by the people. Originally an Aristotlelian term that meant bad “people-run” government

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12
Q

Jurisdiction

A

The right to exercise authority

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13
Q

Monarchy

A

Hereditary rule by one person a alone; usually a king, queen, or emperor

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14
Q

Morality

A

The character of being in agreement with the standards of right conduct

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15
Q

Oligarchy

A

Selfish group leadership, as defined by Aristotle

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16
Q

Philosopher

A

A person who is learned in the study of thought and conduct

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17
Q

Pluralism

A

A form of government where the public has input in the various areas of interest

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18
Q

Polity

A

Aristotle’s definition of a good government run by the people

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19
Q

Totalitarianism

A

A government where the authorities require complete obedience and total submission

20
Q

Tyranny

A

Unjust governmental authority; oppressive power

21
Q

Anarchism

A

Leadership has little or no power over the people; no government at all

22
Q

Anarchists view government as an ______ with no ____ and is merely the avenue by which people can ____ power

A

Institution, merit, grab and exploit

23
Q

Anarchism rose from thought to a ______ movement in the late _____ and early ____ centuries

A

Revolutionary, 19th, 20th

24
Q

Goal of anarchism was to ____ any government which held ___ over people and start a collection of _____ organizations which would produce and distribute _____ and ___ needs

A

destroy, rule, “common-man”, economic, social

25
Q

In an Anarchist government _____ and _____would govern themselves, replacing the need for a _______ power.

A

Regional,state-wide federations,state-run power

26
Q

While following the radical freedom fighting of the ______, the anarchists at first embraced the ideals of ______

A

French Revolution, Marxism

27
Q

“Dictatorship of the proletariat.”

A

Idea of the capitalist state being used to achieve a classless society, repulsive to anarchists.

28
Q

In ______ political groups were seen as _____

A

Marxism, corrupt

29
Q

Anarchists believed that anyone faced with thought of overseeing a ____ would fall prey to the desire of _____ and ____

A

Party, power, glory

30
Q

Clash of ideas between _____ and Russian anarchist _______ in the early _____ caused Marxism and anarchism to go in _______.

A

Karl Marx, Mikhail Bakunin, 1870s, different directions

31
Q

Karl Marx

A

Theories of Marxism, favored State-run Socialism

32
Q

Mikhail Bakunin

A

Russian anarchist, favored total destruction of State as primary goal for those who want to guarantee freedom.

33
Q

Where did anarchism have a great impact?

A

Russia, many anarchists participated in revolutionary movement both before and during 1917

34
Q

Anarchism is a an extreme form of government and is?

A

Difficult to find in effect today

35
Q

Examples of some pluralistic countries?

A

United States, Canada, and Great Britain.

36
Q

A _____ society guards the rights of its citizens while giving government certain powers given by constitutions and other articles.

A

Pluralistic

37
Q

Special interest groups have an opportunity to propose ___, whether it be for _____, _____or ______ reasons in a pluralistic country

A

legislation, racial, ethnic, business

38
Q

What insures that no particular group in a pluralistic society takes over?

A

The diversity of the many peoples and their interests constantly mixing into politics

39
Q

Latter part of 19th century?

A

Pluralistic flavor of U.S., no longer agricultural country as much as industrial.

40
Q

Citizens poured into America from?

A

Easter Europe, Southern Europe and Asia

41
Q

Within next ___ decades following the ____ War, number of cities over _____ thousand grew in tenfold.

A

3, Civil, 10

42
Q

“The Varieties of Religious Experience.”

A

Book written by William James, encouraged support for new era in American diversity

43
Q

Opposite extreme from anarchism

A

Totalitarianism

44
Q

Totalitarian governments try to?

A

Regulate everything in a person’s life

45
Q

_____ governments have no limits in their power within the country.

A

Totalitarian governments

46
Q

Communism

A

Proclaims to be for “common man”, but is shown to be an oppressive government; Calls for everyone to give up selfish rights for common good of populace.

47
Q

What is unheard of under communism

A

Freedoms offered in a capitalistic society

Government And Economics: Unit 1 (8 decks)

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