3. Types Of Governments Flashcards
A pluralistic society?
Guards the rights of its citizens, balancing the power of its government.
Aristotle
Ancient Greek philosopher, “founding father of political science”, wrote about formation and directions of governments.
Aristotle divided governments into ____ groups?
2, numerical and moral
Numerically, Aristotle claimed that all governments fall into one of ____ categories?
3
One person rules
A few people rule
Many people rule
Morally, Aristotle suggested that each of the numerically divided groups would be named according to?
How the government was run. Either for the benefit of the people or for the benefit of the ruling party.
Aristotle based his morality upon?
Whether the ruling party ruled for the benefit of the people (good) or the benefit of the ruling party (bad)
One ruling person
Monarchy (good)
Tyranny (bad)
A few people rule
Aristocracy (good)
Oligarchy (bad)
Many people rule
Polity (good)
Democracy (bad), had now lost it’s dangerous connotation.
Aristocracy
Government by privileged citizens or the upper class
Democracy
Rule by the people. Originally an Aristotlelian term that meant bad “people-run” government
Jurisdiction
The right to exercise authority
Monarchy
Hereditary rule by one person a alone; usually a king, queen, or emperor
Morality
The character of being in agreement with the standards of right conduct
Oligarchy
Selfish group leadership, as defined by Aristotle
Philosopher
A person who is learned in the study of thought and conduct
Pluralism
A form of government where the public has input in the various areas of interest
Polity
Aristotle’s definition of a good government run by the people
Totalitarianism
A government where the authorities require complete obedience and total submission
Tyranny
Unjust governmental authority; oppressive power
Anarchism
Leadership has little or no power over the people; no government at all
Anarchists view government as an ______ with no ____ and is merely the avenue by which people can ____ power
Institution, merit, grab and exploit
Anarchism rose from thought to a ______ movement in the late _____ and early ____ centuries
Revolutionary, 19th, 20th
Goal of anarchism was to ____ any government which held ___ over people and start a collection of _____ organizations which would produce and distribute _____ and ___ needs
destroy, rule, “common-man”, economic, social
In an Anarchist government _____ and _____would govern themselves, replacing the need for a _______ power.
Regional,state-wide federations,state-run power
While following the radical freedom fighting of the ______, the anarchists at first embraced the ideals of ______
French Revolution, Marxism
“Dictatorship of the proletariat.”
Idea of the capitalist state being used to achieve a classless society, repulsive to anarchists.
In ______ political groups were seen as _____
Marxism, corrupt
Anarchists believed that anyone faced with thought of overseeing a ____ would fall prey to the desire of _____ and ____
Party, power, glory
Clash of ideas between _____ and Russian anarchist _______ in the early _____ caused Marxism and anarchism to go in _______.
Karl Marx, Mikhail Bakunin, 1870s, different directions
Karl Marx
Theories of Marxism, favored State-run Socialism
Mikhail Bakunin
Russian anarchist, favored total destruction of State as primary goal for those who want to guarantee freedom.
Where did anarchism have a great impact?
Russia, many anarchists participated in revolutionary movement both before and during 1917
Anarchism is a an extreme form of government and is?
Difficult to find in effect today
Examples of some pluralistic countries?
United States, Canada, and Great Britain.
A _____ society guards the rights of its citizens while giving government certain powers given by constitutions and other articles.
Pluralistic
Special interest groups have an opportunity to propose ___, whether it be for _____, _____or ______ reasons in a pluralistic country
legislation, racial, ethnic, business
What insures that no particular group in a pluralistic society takes over?
The diversity of the many peoples and their interests constantly mixing into politics
Latter part of 19th century?
Pluralistic flavor of U.S., no longer agricultural country as much as industrial.
Citizens poured into America from?
Easter Europe, Southern Europe and Asia
Within next ___ decades following the ____ War, number of cities over _____ thousand grew in tenfold.
3, Civil, 10
“The Varieties of Religious Experience.”
Book written by William James, encouraged support for new era in American diversity
Opposite extreme from anarchism
Totalitarianism
Totalitarian governments try to?
Regulate everything in a person’s life
_____ governments have no limits in their power within the country.
Totalitarian governments
Communism
Proclaims to be for “common man”, but is shown to be an oppressive government; Calls for everyone to give up selfish rights for common good of populace.
What is unheard of under communism
Freedoms offered in a capitalistic society
