3- Throat (Anatomy and physiology) Flashcards
the oral cavity
- Nasal cavity separate to oral cavity= the hard and soft palate
- Tip of soft palate= uvula
- The tongue and 32 Teeth
- Area between lips and teeth= vestibule
- Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches (Mc Donald’s signs)
-> Where tonsils sit
how may teeth do we have
32
salivary glands
2x3
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
salivary glands
2x3
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
parotid gland
Saliva:It produces serous saliva – a watery solution rich in enzymes – which is then secreted into the oral cavity, where it lubricates and aids in the breakdown of food.
Contribution: second largest amount
Location
- Lies anterior to the SCM and ear
- Behind the masseter and zygomatic arch
- Duct opens up in the upper region of the oral cavity- Stenson’s duct (near upper 2nd molar)
submandibular gland
Type of saliva: mixed serous and mucous salivary secretions
- important for the lubrication of food during mastication to enable effective swallowing and aid digestion.
Contribution Most of saliva (60%)
Location
- Sits under the mandibular in the submandibular triangle
- Saliva exits the Wharton’s ducts
Think salivary calculi
Sublingual gland
Type of saliva: predominatley mucous
- These secretions are important in lubricating food, keeping the oral mucosa moist and initial digestion.
Contribution: Least at 3-5% of overall salivary volume
Location
- under the tongue
the tongue and motor supply
Intrinisc muscles (not atatched to other muscles exzcept outher intrinsic muscles.
- 4 pairs
- longitudinal
- transverse
- vertical
- inneration: hypoglossal
Extrinsic muscles- arise from other structures and insert into tongue
- genioglossus
- hyoglossus
- styloglossus -> hypoglossal nerve
- palatoglossu -> vagus nerve
the tongue and sensory supply
divided into anterior 2/3 and posteiror 1/3
Anterior 2/3
- sensation- trigeminal (V3)
- taste - facial
Posterior 1/4
- Sensation and taste - glossopharangeal
throat also known as
pharynx
throat also known as
pharynx
pharynx subdived into
- Nasopharynx
o Behind nasal cavity - Oropharynx
o Behind oral cavity - Laryngopharynx
o Behind larynx
The nasopharynx- upper pharynx
- Pink part in the photo
- Behind the nasal cavity
- Borders
o Base of skull- upper border
o C1,C2- posterior border - Nasal cavity- anterior border
- Contains
o Pharyngeal tonsil e.g. adenoids
The oropharynx- middle pharynx
- Yellow part on photo
- Starts where the nasopharynx end
- Borders
o Soft palate to epiglottis
o Anterior- oral cavity
o Posterior (C2,C3) - Contains
o Palatine tonsils
palatine tonsils
Laryngopharynx – lower pharynx
- Blue part on photos
- Borders
o Oropharynx to oesophagus
o Epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
o Anterior- larynx
o Posterior (C4, C5, C6) - Contains
o Piriform fossa
Piriform fossa
Epiglottis (flap on right photo) acts as a director of flow of fluid and water into the piriform fossa into the oesophagus instead of the trachea
General overview of nerve innervation of pharynx
oral stage of swallowing
- Voluntary
- Tongue touching hard-palate to bring bolus to the pharynx
pharyngeal phase
- Involuntary
- Tongue touching hard palate
- Soft palate elevation
- Dangerous stage- shared airway space
o Need to protect airway
-> By shortening longitudinal muscles- elevate larynx and pharynx -> widening it
-> Closure of epiglottis (sealing the airway)
