3 - Thermodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

System=

Surroundings=

Open ? ?
Closed ? ?
Isolated ? ?
Energy Mass

A

System= is the macroscopic body under study.

Surroundings= is everything else.

Open Yes Yes
Closed Yes No
Isolated No No
Energy Mass

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2
Q

State Functions=
***______ properties change with amount, and _____ properties do not.***

Heat=

Work=
W =
***if ______ is constant no work is done at all.***

A

State Functions= describe the state of a system.
***Extensive properties change with amount, and intensive properties do not.***

Heat= the natural transfer of energy from a warmer body to a cooler body.

Work= any energy transfer that is not heat, is work.
W = P(delta)V ((constant pressure))
***if volume is constant no work is done at all.***

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3
Q

Heat:

Conduction=

Convection=

Radiation=

A

Heat:

Conduction= is thermal energy transfer via molecular collisions.

Convection= is thermal energy transfer via fluid movements.

Radiation= is thermal energy transfer via electromagnetic waves.

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4
Q

1st law of thermodynamics=
(delta)E =

2nd law of thermodynamics=

A

1st law of thermodynamics= states that energy of the system and surroundings are always conserved.
_ (delta)E = q + w_

2nd law of thermodynamics= heat cannot be changed completely into work in a cyclical process.

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5
Q

K.E. avg =

Enthalpy=

(delta)H =

(delta) H =
(delta) H rxn =

A

K.E. avg = 3/2kT

Enthalpy= is a man-made property that accounts for this extra capacity to do PV work.

(delta)H = (delta)U + P(delta)V

(delta) H = q
(delta) H rxn = (delta)Hf products - (delta)Hf reactants

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6
Q

Exothermic=

Endothermic=

***_____, and not energy, dictates the direction of a reaction.***

***Reactions at equilibrium have achieved maximum ______.***

***_______ increases with number, volume, and temperate.***

A

Exothermic= (-(delta)H)

Endothermic= (+(delta)H)

***Entropy, and not energy, dictates the direction of a reaction.***

***Reactions at equilibrium have achieved maximum universal entropy.***

***Entropy increases with number, volume, and temperate.***

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7
Q

(delta) G =
- (delta)G indicated a _______ reaction!!!

(delta)G = (delta)H -T(delta)S
(delta)G (delta)H (delta)S
? ? ?

? ? ?

? ? ?

? ? ?

A

(delta) G = (delta)H - T(delta)S
- (delta)G indicated a SPONETANEOUS reaction!!!

(delta)G = (delta)H -T(delta)S
(delta)G (delta)H (delta)S
+ + -
- - +
+/- - -
+/- + +

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8
Q

Zeroth law=

Third law=

A

Zeroth law= two bodies in thermal equilibrium with the same system are in thermal equilibrium with each other. (In other words, temperature exists and is a state function.)

Third law= a perfect crystal at zero kelvin is assigned an entropy value of zero. All other substances and all temperatures have a positive entropy value (zero kelvin is unattainable).

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