3. The Nervous System

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

Nerves extending all around the body

Question 3

Reflex

Answer 3

A fixed response to a stimulus

Question 4

Voluntary reflexes

Answer 4

Involves the brain

Question 5

Involuntary reflexes

Answer 5

Doesn’t involve the brain

Question 6

Stimulus

Answer 6

A detectable change in the physical/ chemical enviroment of an organism

Question 7

Reflex arc

Answer 7

A reflex arc is a neural pathway controlling a reflex

Question 8

Process of a reflex arc

Answer 8

Receptors in skin detect stimulus
Impulses along sensory neurone to spinal cord
Impulses intergrated by CNS
Impulses along sensory neurone to spinal cord
Response is generated

Question 9

Dendrites

Answer 9

Receives communication from other neural cells through their tree like projection

Question 10

Cell body/ Stoma

Answer 10

Encapsulates nucleus

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

Contains genetic information that controls the neuron

Question 12

Shywann Cell

Answer 12

Helps to form the myelin sheath and speeds up transmission of nerve impulses

Question 13

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 13

Allows impulses to jump (saltatory conduction) to speed up responses

Question 14

Axon Terminals

Answer 14

Connects the neuron to target cells such as effector cells and nerve cells

Question 15

Myelin Sheath

Answer 15

Outer coating of the axon to protect and maintain the axon

Question 16

Gial Cell

Answer 16

Come in many different forms
Their role is to protect and support nerve cells
They surround and are in direct contact with neuron

Question 17

Synapse

Answer 17

A synapse is a junction between 2 neurons

Question 18

Synaptic Cleft

Answer 18

Space between two neurones where substances can be transferred

Question 19

Synaptic Fatigue

Answer 19

Caused by pre synaptic neuron being overstimulated causing damage
Lack of neurotransmitters

Question 20

Canine Epilepsy

Answer 20

Effects certain breeds (certain stimuli and triggers can bring on seizures)

Question 21

The Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 21

Part of the PNS, consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
Controls organ functions dependant on information received

Question 22

Functions of the Nervous System

Answer 22

Receive stimuli from internal/external environments
Analyse and interpret the stimuli and information
Bring about a necessary response

Question 23

Tongue

Answer 23

Receptor: chemoreceptor
Function: taste buds detect chemicals in food

Question 24

Ears

Answer 24

Receptor: mechanoreceptors
Function: cilia detect movement of the eardrum and ossicles which allow hearing

Question 25

Eyes

Answer 25

Receptor: photoreceptors
Function: the retina detects light which allows vision

Question 26

Skin

Answer 26

Receptor: mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors
Function: nerve endings detect different sensations

Question 27

Nose

Answer 27

Receptor: chemoreceptors
Function: cilia detect chemicals in the air

Question 28

Receptors

Answer 28

Chemoreceptors: chemicals
Mechanoreceptors: pressure/movement
Thermoreceptors: temperature
Nociceptors: pain
Photoreceptors: light

Question 29

Sympathetic

Answer 29

Fight or flight
Prepares the body for physical activity
Inhibits all normal body functions to focus energy on essential functions

Question 30

Parasympathetic

Answer 30

Rest and digest
Restores normal body functions