3. The Cell Cycle & Mitosis

Question 1

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 1

The life of a cell from the time it is first formed during cell division of the parent cell until its own division into daughter cells.

Question 2

What is the Genome?

Answer 2

The sun total of an organism’s DNA.

Question 3

What is Cell Division?

Answer 3

The reproduction of cells to produce more of their own.

Question 4

3 benefits of cell division?

Answer 4

1. Repair of damaged tissue
2. Growth
3. Reproduction

Question 5

What are somatic cells?

Answer 5

All body cells except the gametes.

Question 6

What are gametes?

Answer 6

Reproductive cells (sperm and egg)

Question 7

What is the centromere?

Answer 7

Area of a chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined.

Question 8

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 8

Interphase, Mitotic Phase and Cytokinesis

Question 9

What is interphase?

Answer 9

The first part of the cell cycle that consists of 90% of the process, where the cell grows and duplicates genetic material in preparation for cell division.

Question 10

How many phases does interphase have?

Answer 10

3

Question 11

What are the three phases of interphase?

Answer 11

G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase

Question 12

What is G1 Phase?

Answer 12

In Gap 1 Phase, the cell experiences intense metabolic changes, growth and duplication of non-chromosomal organelle in preparation for cell division.

Question 13

What is Synthesis Phase?

Answer 13

Replication of DNA in preparation for cell division.

Question 14

What is G2 Phase?

Answer 14

In Gap 2 phase, the cell continues growth and metabolic changes as materials necessary for mitosis and cytokinesis assemble and simultaneously double checks all duplicated chromosomes for errors, making necessary repairs in preparation for cell division.

Question 15

What is Mitotic (M) Phase?

Answer 15

A stage in the cell cycle in which newly formed DNA is separated and two new cells with the same number of chromosomes and genetic material formed.

Question 16

What are the 5 stages of Mitosis?

Answer 16

PpMAT

Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 17

What is Prophase?

Answer 17

• The nucleoli disappears
• The chromatin fibres condense
• Chromosomes appear as sister chromatids
• Mitotic Spindle forms
• Centrosomes move away from each other, lengthening Microtubules between them.

Question 18

What is the Mitotic Spindle?

Answer 18

Composition of centromeres and Microtubules.

Question 19

What is Prometaphase?

Answer 19

• The nuclear envelope is disintegrated
• Microtubules are permitted to extend to the chromosome and attach to the kinetochores.
• Nonkinetochore microtubules interact with their opposing partners on the opposite pole, further lengthening the cell.

Question 20

What is a Kinetochore Microtubule?

Answer 20

A microtubule attached at the kinetochore of a chromosome.

Question 21

What is metaphase?

Answer 21

• Centrosomes are at opposing poles of the cell.
• Chromosomes are lined up along the metaphase plate.
• Each chromosome, the kinetochores are connected to the kinetochores microtubule coming from the opposing pole.

Question 22

What is the metaphase plate?

Answer 22

A plane equidistant between the two Mitotic spindle poles.

Question 23

What is anaphase?

Answer 23

• Cohesions holding sister chromatids together split.
• the two new daughter chromatids migrate to opposing ends of the cell as the Microtubules shorten.

Question 24

What is telophase?

Answer 24

• two daughter nuclei form
• nuclear envelope arise
• nucleoli reappear
• the chromosomes decondense

Question 25

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 25

Splitting of cell cytoplasm.

Question 26

Cytokinesis in Animal cells?

Answer 26

Cleavage furrow forms and internally pinches off two daughter cells by a contractile ring of microtubules

Question 27

What is a cleavage furrow?

Answer 27

A shallow grove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate.

Question 28

Cytokinesis in Plant Cells?

Answer 28

No cleavage furrow
Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus move to old metaphase plate, they come together to form a cell plate, resulting in the growth of a cell wall.

Question 29

What is Binary Fission?

Answer 29

Reproduction in prokaryote cells by which a cell doubles in size and splits in half, forming two cells.

Question 30

Process of Binary Fission?

Answer 30

Bacterial chromosome replicates at a specific region called the origin of replication.

Two origins are produced.

The origins move to opposing poles of the cell.

Cell elongates and once it has reached twice it’s original size, proteins cause plasma membrane to pinch inward, thus dividing the cell.