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SAM > 3: Systemic Hypertension > Flashcards

3: Systemic Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What two systems regulate BP?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

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1
Q

BP is a product of what two measures?

A

Cardiac Output and Systemic Vascular Resistance

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2
Q

What organs are potentially damaged by hypertension (TOD)?

A

Kidneys, Eyes, Brain, Heart & BV

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3
Q

What diseases are associated with hypertension in cats?

A

Chronic Kidney Disease
Hyperthyroidism
Adrenal Disorders
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s Syndrome)
Pheochromocytoma
Hyperadrenocorticism
Meds- Steroids, Erythropoietin, Proin

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4
Q

What diseases are associated with hypertension in dogs?

A

Kidney Disease- Acute or Chronic
Hyperadrenocorticism
Diabetes mellitus
Pheochromocytoma
Hyperaldosteronism- uncommon

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5
Q

Ways to measure BP:

A

Indirect: Doppler or Oscillometric
Direct: Arterial Catheterization

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6
Q

When should you treat systemic hypertension?

A

Severe Hypertension (>180mmHg)
Evidence of TOD with moderate to severe hypertension
Persistent BP >160 with disease associated with hypertension

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7
Q

What are the commonly used drugs/classes used to treat systemic hypertension?

A

Ca2+ Channel Blockers: Amlodipine
ACE Inhibitors: Benazepril/Enalapril
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: Telmisartan

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8
Q

What medication is considered the first line of tx for cats with systemic hypertension?

A

Amlodipine

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9
Q

What medication is considered the first line of tx for dogs with moderate systemic hypertension?

A

ACE Inhibitors (Benazepril/Enalapril)

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10
Q

What medication combination is often used for dogs with moderate systemic hypertension?

A

Amlodipine + ACE Inhibitor

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11
Q

Mechanism of action of ACE Inhibitors:

A

Inhibit ACE=> Dec production of Angiotensin II
Preferentially vasodilated the efferent arteriole of glomerulus

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12
Q

What treatment is an alternative to ACE Inhibitors?

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

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13
Q

What are less commonly used drugs/classes used to treat systemic hypertension?

A

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists: Phenoxybenzamine and Prazosin
Aldosterone Antagonist: Spironolactone

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14
Q

What drugs/class are used for emergency tx of systemic hypertension?

A

Direct Arterial Vasodilators: Hydralazine and Sodium Nitroprusside

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SAM (4 decks)

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