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2: Tick-borne Diseases Flashcards

1
Q
A

E. canis or E chafeensis

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2
Q

What organism is responsible for Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis?

A

E. canis

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3
Q

What tick spreads E. canis?

A

Brown Dog Tick - R. sanguineus

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4
Q

What three presentations are possible for Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis?

A

Acute, Subclinical, Chronic

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5
Q

What is consistent with acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis?

A

Fever, lethargy, inappetence
Lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly
Thrombocytopenia/-pathia
Peripheral edema, ocular disease, neuro signs

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6
Q

What is consistent with chronic canine monocytic ehrlichiosis?

A

Acute phase signs +
BM Hypoplasia- pancytopenia
Protein Losing Nephropathy
Marked lymphocytosis/hyperglobulinemic- may mimic neoplasia

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7
Q

In which cells can you visualize E. canis?

A

Monocytes/lymohocytes

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8
Q

How to increase sensitivity for monocytic ehrlichiosis on blood smear?

A

Buffy coat, LN or splenic aspirates

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9
Q

Diagnostic testing for E. canis:

A

Morulae visualized on blood smear
Antibody Testing- POC ELISA Snap
IFA
PCR

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10
Q

What tickborne diseases are treated with doxycycline?

A

Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (E. canis)
Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis (E. ewingii)
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis (A. phagocytophilum)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (R. rickettsii)

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11
Q

What bacteria can cause human monocytic ehrlichiosis?

A

E. chaffeensis

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12
Q

What tick transmits E. chaffeensis?

A

Amblyomma americanum
(Lone Star Tick)

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13
Q

What tick transmits E. ewingii?

A

Amblyomma americanum
(Lone Star Tick)

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14
Q

Clinical Signs of E. chaffeensis:

A

Rarely causes clinical signs in dogs
Fever, lethargy, inappetence
Lymphadenomegaly
Mild thrombocytopenia, monocytosis

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15
Q
A

E. ewingii or A. phagocytophilum

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16
Q

Clinical Signs of Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis:

A

Fever, lethargy, inappetence
Lymphadenomegaly
Peripheral Edema
Polyarthritis
Neuro Signs
Mild/Mod Thrombocytopenia
Proteinuria

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17
Q

What organism is responsible for Granulocytic ehrlichiosis?

A

E. ewingii

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18
Q

In which cells are A. phagocytophilum and E. ewingii visualized in on blood smear?

A

Granulocytes

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19
Q

Diagnostic Testing for E. ewingii:

A

Morulae visualized in granulocytes
POC ELISA
Whole Blood PCR

20
Q

Which tickborne disease can also affect cats?

A

Granulocytic Anaplasmosis

21
Q

What organism is responsible for granulocytic anaplasmosis?

A

A. phagocytophilum

22
Q

What tick transmits A. phagocytophilum

A

Ixodes scapularis (Deer tick) or I. pacificus

23
Q

What tick borne disease is commonly found with a co-infection of B. burgdorferi?

A

Granulocytic Anaplasmosis (A. phagocytophilum)

24
Q

Clinical signs of Granulocytic Anaplasmosis:

A

Majority of dogs do not show clinical signs
Fever, lethargy, inappetence
Lymphadenomegaly, hepatomegaly,
Polyarthritis
Thrombocytopenia/ Leukopenia

25
Diagnosis of Granulocytic Anaplasmosis:
Morulae visualized in granulocytes POC ELISA
26
What organism causes RMSF:
Rickettsia rickettsii
27
What tick spreads Rickettsia rickettsii Primarily Transmitted by:
Primarily Transmitted by: Dermacentor andersoni (Wood Tick) and D. variabilis (American Dog Tick)
28
Diagnostic testing for R. rickesii
IFA PCR not as sensitive Early recognition & tx is key to reduce mortality
29
What two tickborne diseases are NOT treated with doxycycline?
American Canine Hepatozoonosis & Canine Babesiosis
30
What organism causes American canine hepatozoonosis?
H. americanum
31
What tick spreads H. americanum?
INGESTION of: Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast Tick)
32
What clinical signs are consistent with Hepatozoonosis?
Fever, lethargy, inappetence Weight Loss Severe Muscle Wasting Generalized Hyperesthesia Stiff Gait Purulent Ocular Discharge Potentially Fatal Clin Signs Wax/Wane
33
What lab findings are consistent with hepatozoonosis?
Leukocytosis (20k-200k) Mild normocytic, normochromic, non-regenerative anemia Normal-Increased Platelets (Thrombocytopenia may indicate coinfection) Increased ALP activity Hypoglycemia Hypoalbuminemia Periosteal Bone proliferation
34
Diagnostic testing for hepatozoonosis:
Blood Smears reveal gamonts in leukocytes -Buffy coat smear increases sensitivity Skeletal Muscle Biopsy - Most reliable - Onion Cysts - Marked Pyogranulomatous myositis Whole Blood PCR
35
Treatment for Canine Hepatozoonosis:
Combination Therapy x2 weeks (Trimethoprim-Sulfa, Clindamycin, Pyrimethamine) Not effective at eliminating tissue stages; relapse common - Decoquinate x2 years to maintain remission
36
H. americanum
37
B. canis
38
B. gibsoni
39
Clinical Presentations of Canine Babesiosis
Uncomplicated, Complicated (South Africa), Subclinical
40
What populations have high prevalence of subclinical babesiosis?
Greyhounds and pitbulls
41
What organism is responsible for canine babesiosis?
B. canis and B. gibsoni
42
What tick spreads canine babesiosis?
R. sanguineus (Brown Dog Tick)
43
What is the clinical presentation of uncomplicated babesiosis?
Fever, lethargy, inappetence Lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly Thrombocytopenia Hemolytic Anemia: intra- and extravascular - RBC Fragility - IMHA - RBC Shearing
44
What is the clinical presentation of complicated babesiosis?
Uncomplicated signs + Acute Renal Failure Neuro Signs Hepatic Injury Acute Resp. Distress Syndrome Pancreatitis Red Biliary Syndrome - Congested MM, Inc Hematocrit - Hemoglobinuria/-emia - Intravascular hemolysis/ hemoconcentration *Associated with a strain found in South Africa
45
Diagnostic Testing for Babesiosis:
Blood Smears reveal infected erythrocytes - Able to distinguish between B. canis and B. gibsoni IFA PCR
46
Treatment for B. canis:
NOT Doxycycline Imidocarb, Dipropionate
47
Treatment for B. gibsoni:
NOT Doxycycline Atovaquone, Azithromycin

SAM (5 decks)

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