3. Structual Design Features Of Buildings Flashcards
The forces within a structure support system that resist applied loads are refers to as ____
Reactions R
When a structural support system can support a load equal to or greater than the applied loads L, ____ exists
Equilibrium
$$$
Pulls the material apart
Tension
Tension stress
Squeezes the material
Compression
Compressive stress
Slides one plane of a material past an adjacent plane
Shear
External load alignments:
Axial
Eccentric
Torsional
$$$
Load applied to the center of the cross section of a member and perpendicular to that cross section
Axial
Tensile or compressive
Load perpendicular to the cross section of the structural member, but which does not pass through the center of the cross section.
Eccentric
Tensile and compressive
Load applied off center from the cross section of the structural component and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross section
Torsional
Twisting effect
Shear
A ratio of the failure point of the material to the maximum supportable design stress is added to the minimum required strength as a ____
Factor or safety
A ___ load is fixed in location and quantifiable
Dead load
A ___ load is not fixed or permanent.
Live
___ loads are steady or are applied gradually
Static
___ loads involve motion and are capable of delivering energy greatly in excess of the weight of the object involved.
Dynamic
Kinetic energy of a falling object
E= 1/2mv^2
Kinetic energy of wind
E=1/2mv^2
$$$
____ pressure: Straight line winds apply force to a surface
Direct pressure
Primary consideration
Wind flowing around the object may catch along a building surface
Drag
____ pressure: wind may produce. Auction effect on the downwind side of the building resulting in outward pressure.
Negative
$$$
Wind may cause the building to sway in a back and forth motion
Rocking
Wind passing over a surface, suck as a roof, may Shake the surface
Vibration
Wind may dislodge or move objects from a building surface
Clean off
In designing buildings to withstand wind forces, ____ pressure is used as the primary consideration
Direct pressure
In buildings with height variations or large floor plans, seismic ___ joints can be added to increase the flexibility of the connection.
Expansion
___ mechanisms absorb resonant energy as the structure begins to move.
Damping
____ ____ isolates the building from the horizontal movement of the earths surface.
Base isolation
The pressure exerted by the soil against the foundation is known as the ___ soil pressure.
The force of the foundation against the soil is known as the ___ soil pressure.
Active
Passive
A ___ is a structural member that carries loads perpendicular to its longitudinal dimensions.
Beam
___ ____ beams: Support be earth both ends and free to rotate. A wood joist resting on a masonry wall is an ex.
Simply supported beams
___ beams: Rigidly supported at each end. Under fire conditions beam may retain its load bearing ability longer than a simply supported beam.
Restrained
___ beams: supported at one end, must be able to support a vertical load in addition to resisting Bending Stress. Often support balconies
Cantilever
___ beams: Similar to cantilever beams but with additional support.
Overhang beams
___ beams: may span several vertical supports
Continuous
The ___ flange of the beam carries compressive stresses and the ___ flange of the beam carries tensile stresses .
Top
Bottom
___ are framed structural units made up of a group of triangles in one plane.
Trusses
Studs are places __ to ___ Inches apart
12-16
$$$
Post and beam post may be ___ x ___ inches when supporting roofs only.
6x8
The force of ___ is the most common load imposed on a structure via the weight of the structures components, contents, and any occupancy activity.
Gravity
___ are structural members designed to support an axial load
Columns
___ Frame are three dimensional truss structures
Space frame
___ Frame stricture system is characterized by columns and beams reinforced to transmit the bending stress through joints
Rigid frame
