3 Spit and swallow Flashcards
What modifies the secretion
The ducts
What is an example of serous gland
Parotid
Watery
What gland produces mucus
Buccal
What glands are both serous and mucus
Submandibular
Sublingual
What electrolytes are high in the horse
Ca++
What electrolytes are high in the rumen
Bicarbonate
Amylase
Enzyme that breaks down starch
Why is there fermentation in the rumen
Bacteria breakdown diets
What is required for bacterial breakdown of fiber
Stable and neutral pH
What do volatile fatty acids do
Create acidic environment
Kill bacteria in rumen
What is the purpose of Bicarb
Neutralize the pH from volatile fatty acids
What is the importance of ducts
Reclaim electrolytes and water
Isotonic
Total concentrations of salts in solutions same as in cells
Isosmotic
Same as isotonic for our class
What does ans do
Cholinergic stimulation
Increase flow rate
What causes salivary gland secretion in horses
Mastication
What is urolithiasis
Rock forms in bladder of goat, can’t urinate
What causes formation of uroliths
High urine pH caused by high grain diet
What muscle controls the upper esophageal sphincter
Cricopharyngeus
What makes up the Lowe esophageal sphincter
Actual sphincter
What lines the esophagus
Squamous mucosa
What species have striated muscle all along the body
Dog
Ruminates
Pig
What species have strived and distal smooth muscle along the body
Cat
Horse
Motility is…
Peristaltic
Ring of movement of contraction
Primary peristalsis
Initiated by act of swallowing
Secondary peristalsis
Occurs after primary
Occurs if primary contraction fails to empty the esophagus
Prevents food from coming back up
What drives vomition
Relfex act in response to Afferent impulses to emetic center
What is the main reason horses don’t vomit
Powerful lower esophageal sphincter
What creates the secretion
Acinas
