3 Solids, Liquids, Gases Flashcards
crystalline solids
solids that are made up of crystals. Examples are salt, sugar, and snow
amorphous solids
solids that contain particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern. Amorphous solids do not melt, instead they become softer. Examples are plastics, rubber, and glass
solid
matter with a definite shape and volume
particles of a solid
are closely locked in position and can only vibrate
liquid
matter which has a definite volume, but no definite shape of its own
particles of a liquid
are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another
fluid
a substance that flows
surface tension
the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together
viscosity
a liquid’s resistance to flowing
high and low viscosity
Liquids with high viscosity flow slowly and liquids with low viscosity flow quickly.
gas
matter with no shape or volume
particles in gases
are free to move independently, colliding frequently
particle
atom or molecule in a substance
changes of state
the change from solid to liquid, liquid to gas, or solid to gas
melting
change of state from solid to liquid
melting point
the specific temperature when melting occurs. For example, ice melts into water at 0 degrees C.
process of melting
the particles in the solid vibrate so fast that they break free from their fixed positions
freezing
change of state from liquid to solid
process of freezing
the particles in the liquid vibrate so slowly that they begin to take on fixed positions
condensation
change of state from a gas to a liquid
process of condensation
particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid
sublimation
change of state from a solid to a gas
process of sublimation
the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas. The particles do NOT go through a liquid phase.
measuring gases
it is helpful to know the volume, temperature, and pressure
pressure of a gas
the force of its outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container, measured in units of pascals
volume of a gas
the amount of space that matter fills, measures in cm3 (cubic centimeters), mL, L and other units
temperature
a measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of matter
Charles’ Law
When the temperature of a gas is increased at constant pressure, its volume increases. When the temperature of a gas is decreased at constant pressure, its volume decreases.
graph of Charles’ Law
2 points:
- The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature under constant pressure.
- When a graph of 2 variables is a straight line passing through the origin (0, 0), the variables are said to be directly proportional to each other. (Straight line - Check this graph out in your algebra book.)
Boyle’s Law
When the pressure of a gas at constant temperature is increased, the volume of the gas decreases. When the pressure is decreased the volume increases.
graph of Boyle’s Law
Gas pressure is inversely proportional to the volume at constant temperature. Curved line.
Ideal Gas Law
When the temperature of a gas at constant volume is increased, the pressure of the gas increases. When the temperature is decreased, the pressure of the gas decreases.
Graph of Ideal Gas Law
Pressure and temperature are directly related. When one goes up, the other goes up.
