2 The Nature of Matter

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass

Question 2

chemistry

Answer 2

the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

Question 3

substance

Answer 3

a single kind of matter that is “pure”; it always has a specific makeup or composition and a specific set of properties

Question 4

properties of all substances

Answer 4

Every form of matter has two kinds of properties – physical and chemical

Question 5

physical properties

Answer 5

a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.
Examples: Density, hardness, texture, and color

Question 6

pure substances

Answer 6

examples: salt, sugar, baking soda

Question 7

composite substances (not pure)

Answer 7

examples: flour, baking powder, milk, eggs, and fruit

Question 8

chemical properties

Answer 8

a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances
Examples: forming new substances with new properties; the ability to react; and flammability

Question 9

element

Answer 9

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means

Question 10

atom

Answer 10

the basic particle from which all elements are made

Question 11

chemical bond

Answer 11

When atoms combine, they form a chemical bond, which is a force of attraction between two atoms

Question 12

molecule

Answer 12

a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 13

compound

Answer 13

a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio.
Example: salt

Question 14

chemical formula

Answer 14

a code which shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms. For example, NaCl is the formula for Na (sodium/salt) + Cl (chloride).

Question 15

properties of compounds

Answer 15

When elements are chemically combined, they form compounds having properties that are different from those of the uncombined elements

Question 16

com-

Answer 16

prefix meaning with.

Example: compound

Question 17

hetero-

Answer 17

prefix meaning different.

Example: heterogeneity

Question 18

homo-

Answer 18

prefix meaning same.

Example: homogenous

Question 19

endo-

Answer 19

prefix meaning in, inside, within.

Example: endogenous, having an internal cause or origin.

Question 20

exo-

Answer 20

prefix meaning outside.

Example: exogenous, developing from external factors.

Question 21

mixture

Answer 21

a combination of elements or molecules which do not form chemical bonds.

Question 22

heterogenous mixture

Answer 22

you can see individual parts. Think of ChexMix.

Question 23

homogenous mixture

Answer 23

the parts blend together so you can’t see the different molecules. Think of a salt-water solution.

Question 24

methods to separate mixtures

Answer 24

5 ways: magnetic attraction, filtration, distillation, decantation, and evaporation