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Psychology BC Unit 3 > 3- Sleep > Flashcards

3- Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

What is polysomnography

A

An intensive study of a sleeping person involving simultaneous monitoring and recording of various physiological responses of the sleeper during the course of the night.

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2
Q

Ways of measuring sleep

A

EEG, EMG, EOG, heart rate, body temp, self reports and video monitoring

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3
Q

EMG Electromyograph

A

Detect, amplifies and records electrical activity of the muscles

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4
Q

EOG Electrooculargraph

A

Detect, amplifies and records electrical activity of the eye (surrounding muscles) and eye movement

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5
Q

What do heart rate and core body temperature do as we sleep?

A

Both heart rate and body temp drop as we progressively drift into deeper and deeper sleep
e.g. body temp can drop by more than 1 degree while we are asleep

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6
Q

Define sleep

A

Regularly occurring ASC characterised by a loss of conscious awareness.

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6
Q

What does the galvanic skin response record?

A

A physiological response indicator – detects and records the electrical conductivity of the skin (sweat!)

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7
Q

What happens with GSR as we go through NWC: encountering something, and relaxing, and ASC: taking stimulants, or sleeping

A

Normal Waking Consciousness
When we experience/encounter something, we tend to increase our GSR – e.g. think about what happens when you are nervous (a strong emotional response)
• GSR tend to decrease when we are relaxed in NWC
Altered State of Consciousness
– GSR can increase in some ASC, such as taking stimulants,
– GSR can decrease in other ASC, such as sleeping

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7
Q

What does video monitoring capture/record

A

Recorded in real time and allows other responses to be analysed at a later time, therefore it can record:
Levels of alertness
Movement in the night
How long it takes a person to go to sleep

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8
Q

What are self reports in relation to sleep studies, and what is the main type?

A

Commonly used in sleep studies, particularly sleep diaries or sleep logs.
Sleep diary
a self reported record of an individual’s sleep and waking time activities, usually over a period of several weeks

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9
Q

How long is a sleep cycle (approx) and how many times do you go through them in a 8hour sleeping period

A

Generally a complete sleep cycle lasts for about 80-120 minutes and we go through the cycle approx.
4-5 times during an 8hrs of sleep per each night

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11
Q

What is frequency in relation to an EEG?

A

A term used to describe the number of brain waves

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12
Q

What is amplitude in relation to a EEG?

A

A term used to describe the intensity of the brain waves and is estimated by the size of the brain waves
Peaks (high points) troughs (low points)

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13
Q

Stage of sleep

A

NREM:1,2,3,4 and REM

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14
Q

What is NREM sleep

A

(Non, Rapid, Eye, Movement) Approx. 80% of our sleep time is spent is NREM sleep & typically the first half of the night has more NREM sleep than the second half of the night
During NREM sleep the brain is active, but not as active as during REM sleep or during NWC
Researchers have proposed that NREM sleep may be the time when the body recovers, repairing body tissue, removing waste products and replenishing neurotransmitters that are vital to communication b/w neurons

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15
Q

NREM stage 1
Severity of sleep and duration
Physiological changes
Brainwaves

A 
Severity of sleep and duration
Very light sleep if woken it may seem like you weren't asleep at all, lasts about 5-10 minutes
Physiological changes:
-decrease in heart rate 
-decrease in respiration 
-decrease in body temp 
-decrease in muscle tension
Brainwaves:
alpha waves are replaced by theta waves which have a mixture of high and low amplitude, and hypnotic jerk occurs when body goes into relaxation
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16
Q

What is a Hypnotic Jerk

A

A spasm or jerking of body parts due to muscle relaxation, this occurs in stage one of NREM

17
Q

NREM stage 2
Severity of sleep and duration
Physiological changes
Brainwaves

A

Light stage of sleep, last 10-20 minutes.
Physiological changes:
heart rate slower, blood pressure and temp fall, less body movements,
Brainwaves
theata waves, lower in frequency higher in amplitude, sleep spindles occur (sudden bust in frequency), K-complex (high amplitude in results to an arousing stimulus)

18
Q

What is a K-complex

A

An EEG pattern that occurs in Stage 2 of NREM and is characterised of low frequency, slightly higher amplitude waves
-occurs in response to a arousing stimuli e.g door slamming

19
Q

What is a Sleep Spindle

A

Brief bursts of higher frequency waves that occurs in stage 2

  • It lasts about 1 second
  • It indicates a person is truly asleep
20
Q

NREM stage 3
Severity of sleep and duration
Physiological changes
Brainwaves

A

Severity of sleep and duration:
Moderately deep sleep, lasts about 10 minutes
Physiological changes:
-heart rate, blood pressure & body temp continue to drop
-breathing continues to be slow and steady
-become extremely relaxed
Brainwaves:
Delta waves make up about 20-50% of the brain waves recorded during stage 3, being slow, large, regular brain waves. Delta waves are lower in frequency & higher in amplitude.

21
Q

What is Slow Wave Sleep(SWS) ?

A

It occurs in stages 3&4 as there is a drop in frequency (no. of waves).

  • Generally, we begin Slow Wave Sleep within an hour of falling asleep.
  • We remain in SWS for about 30 min
22
Q

NREM stage 4
Severity of sleep and duration
Physiological changes
Brainwaves

A

Severity of sleep and duration:
Very deep sleep(“out like a light” “sleeping like a log”), lasts up to 20 minutes.
Physiological changes:
Similar to those in stage 3, muscles completely relax and we barely move
Brainwaves:
Delta waves dominate & are even slower and larger than in stage 3

Note:
A person is very hard to wake, however if woken a person can take up to 10 minutes to orientate themselves, this is know a Sleep Inertia

23
Q

What is sleep inertia/drunkenness

A

The phenomena that occurs when a person is woken in stage 3/4 of sleep, that causes approximately 10 minutes to orientate themselves.

24
Q

REM
Severity of sleep and duration
Physiological changes
Brainwaves

A

Severity
Apparent paralysis, when woken dreaming reported
Physiological change
Heart rate rises, blood pressure increases, and breathing is quicker and more irregular
Waves
Beta waves

25
Q

What is paradoxical sleep

A

Another name for REM sleep

26
Q

What changes in sleeping patterns occurs over the life span?

A

REM generally decreases as does amount of time sleeping

27
Q

How long does an infant spend sleeping and how much is REM?

A

16 hours, 50% is REM, by the end of infancy it drops to 12-13 hours, and 25-30% is REM

28
Q

How long does a child spend sleeping and how much is REM?

A

9 hours and 2hours or 20% is REM

29
Q

How long does a late adult spend sleeping and how much is REM?

A

6-7 hours, 1/3 in REM

In late 60’s sleep is much lighter, and increase awakenings occur

30
Q

What is the difference between an adolescent and an elderly persons sleeping patterns?

A 
An adolescent has:
longer occurrences of REM
deeper sleep is accessed
REM occurring nor frequently 
Less awaking 
Elder has:
Less REM episodes
Lighter sleep (staying in the 1&2 stages of REM)
REM is less frequent 
More awakenings
31
Q

What problems arise from the Sleep wake cycle shift during adolescence

A 
Takes ages to get to sleep
Not enough sleep on week nights
Difficulty waking up
This then leads to...
Lack of motivation and consecration
Moods swings
Drifting off
Weakened immune system(Long term)
32
Q

What is the circadian rhythm?

A

Our natural body clock that determines when we want to sleep and wake up

33
Q

Sleep-wake cycle shift

A

The hormonally induced shift of the body clock forward by about 1-2 hours
Consequentially causing adolescence to be sleepier 1-2 hours later

34
Q

What is sleep phase onset?

A

The sleep shift of the onset period of sleep

35
Q

What is Sleep debt

A

The sleep that is owed and needs to be made up

36
Q

What is sleep deprivation?

A

A time without or lacking of sleep; that is sleep loss

37
Q

What are the two types of sleep deprivation

A

Partial

Total

38
Q

What is partial sleep deprivation

A

A short period of sleep loss, such as 2-6 hours

39
Q

What are the effects of prolonged partial sleep deprivation

A 
Decline in cognitive abilities
Slower reaction/motor function
Irrational/ illogical behaviour 
Difficulty making decisions
Short-term memory impairment

However this can all be recovered after we repay our sleep debt on subsequent nights

40
Q

What is total sleep deprivation?

A

A period of 24 hours or more with out sleep

41
Q

What are the effects of prolonged Total sleep deprivation?

A

In rats:
Inability to maintain a constant body temperature
Collapsed immune system
Death after 2-3 weeks with no sleep

Psychological effects
Irritability, fatigue, loss of consecration, headaches

Psychology BC Unit 3 (9 decks)

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