3. Shoulder and Elbow Problems Flashcards
What are the most common Shoulder / Elbow Injury types, for patients in their teens/20’s?
Fractures and Instability
What are the most common Shoulder / Elbow Injury types, for patients in their 30/40’s?
Rotator Cuff and Capsulitis
What are the most common Shoulder / Elbow Injury types, for patients in their 50/60’s?
Impingement and AC Joint
What are the most common Shoulder / Elbow Injury types, for patients in their 70’s +?
Degenerative Rotator Cuff and Joint
What is the Epidemiology of Upper Limb Fractures?
- Young - High Energy Injuries
- Elderly - Osetoporotic Injuries
Note - this is similar to the epidemiology of Hip Fracture
What is the management of Upper Limb Fractures dependent on?
- Fracture Configuration
2. Patient Biology
What is the most mobile Joint in the body?
The Shoulder Joint
What is sacrificed in making the Shoulder Joint the most stable in the body?
Its stability is sacrificed for mobility
What is the shoulder predisposed to, due to its instability?
Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation
What are the different proportions of type of Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation?
- Anterior - 90%
- Posterior - 9%
- Inferior - 1%
What is the treatment of Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation?
- Manipulation
- Immobilisation
- Physiotherapy
- Surgery
What is the investigation for a Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation?
X-Ray - Light Bulb Sign
What is the definition of Subacromial Impingement?
Pain and Dysfunction resulting from any pathology which:
- Decreases the volume of the Subacromial Space
- Increases the size of the Subacromial Contents
What are the treatments of Subacromial Impingement?
- Subacromial Steroid Injection
- Physiotherapy
- Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression
What is Adhesive Capsulitis known as?
A Frozen Shoulder
What are the 2 types of Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)?
- Primary (Idiopathic) Adhesive Capsulitis
2. Secondary Adhesive Capsulitis
How is Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) diagnosed?
- Clinically
2. Normal radiograph
What is the treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)?
Early Presentation - Steroid Injection
Later - Surgery
How long can a case of Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) go on for?
- Pain - months 0-9 (peaking at 4.5 months)
- Stiffness - months 4.5-14 (peaking at 14th month)
- Thawing - months 14 - 24 (max)
What are the 2 types of Rotator Cuff Tear?
- Traumatic
2. Degenerative
What is the treatment of an Acute Rotator Cuff Tear?
Early Surgery
What is the treatment of Chronic Degenerative Rotator Cuff Tears?
Surgery if Symptomatic
What is treatment for Rotator Cuff Tears dependent on?
- Size of the Tear
- Time (if chronic)
- Age
What are the 3 types of Shoulder Arthritis?
- Osteoarthritis
- Inflammatory Arthritis
- Post-traumatic Arthritis
