3: Senses - Hearing

Question 1

pinna/pinnae

Answer 1

collect sounds form enviro

Question 2

ear canal

Answer 2

funneled into by pinnae

Question 3

tympanic membrane

Answer 3

eardrum
border between outer/middle ear
thin sheet of skin that vibrates in response to sound

Question 4

concha

Answer 4

works with pinna to filter different frequencies

Question 5

decibels

Answer 5

difference in amplitude/intensity

Question 6

frequency

Answer 6

pitch
low = low
high = high

Question 7

intensity/amplitude

Answer 7

loudness
low = soft
high = loud

Question 8

pure tone

Answer 8

single frequency, uncommon

Question 9

complex sound

Answer 9

many frequencies

Question 10

three smallest bones

Answer 10

ossicles malleus, incus, stapes

Question 11

oval window

Answer 11

membrane that separates middle/inner ear

Question 12

middle ear functions

Answer 12

amplifying low intensity sounds

reducing high intensity sounds (acoustic reflex)

Question 13

cochlea

Answer 13

spiral structure of inner ear

filled with watery fluid in 3 parallel canals (vestibular, middle, tympanic)

Question 14

organ of corti

Answer 14

structure on the basilar membrane of the cochlea (middle)
composed of specialized neurons (hair cells), dendrites of auditory nerve fibers (terminate at base of hair cells), and cell support

Question 15

hair cells

Answer 15

four rows, 1 inner/3 outer

Question 16

inner hair cells

Answer 16

sensory receptors
convert all info about input sound to brain (afferent fibers)
cause release of neurotransmitter/action potentials in neurons of auditory nerve

Question 17

outer hair cells

Answer 17

motor units
amplify movement of basilar membrane in response to stimulus (efferent fibers)
otoacoustic emissions - sound recorded from external ear canal generated by normal cochlea
high sensitive/sharp tuning, low intensity, frequency resolution

Question 18

auditory nerve fibers

Answer 18

firing completes process of translating sound waves into patterns of neural activity

Question 19

traveling waves

Answer 19

.

Question 20

place code

Answer 20

which fibers are firing
different parts of cochlea to different frequencies
coded by place along cochlear partition with greatest mechanical displacement

Question 21

temporal code

Answer 21

rate of firing

Question 22

Helmholtz’s place theory

Answer 22

each basilar membrane location is ind. of other locations (each segment is sensitive to a very limited range of freq)
info about a particular freq is coded by which segment vibrated

Question 23

peak amplitude

Answer 23

maximum displacement

…

Question 24

psychoacoustics

Answer 24

study of psych. correlates of physical dimensions of acoustics (branch of psychophysics)

Question 25

azimuth coordinate

Answer 25

horizontal

right and left

Question 26

elevation coordinate

Answer 26

vertical

up and down

Question 27

distance coordinate

Answer 27

how far

Question 28

interaural time difference

Answer 28

ITD

time diff between the time sound reach the two ears

Question 29

interaural level difference

Answer 29

ILD

intensity diff of two ears due to sound shadow created by head

Question 30

head-related transfer function

Answer 30

HRTF

diff between sound from source and the sound actually entering ears