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Psych > 2: bio foundations of behavior > Flashcards

2: bio foundations of behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

neurone (neurone/nerve cell)

A

electrically excitable ell that processes and transmits info through electrical/chemical signals
core components of the brain, spinal cord (CNS), ganglia (PNS)

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2
Q

sensory neuron

A

detects changes in external/internal environment and sends info to CNS
touch, sound, light, etc.

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3
Q

PNS

A

.

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4
Q

CNS

A

.spinal cord and brain

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5
Q

afferent neurons

A

carry messages inward toward CNS

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6
Q

motor neuron

A

in CNS, controls contraction of muscles (from CNS signals)

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7
Q

efferent neurons

A

carry messages outward from CNS

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8
Q

interneuron

A

located entirely within CNS

connects neurons within same region of brain/spinal cord in neural networks

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9
Q

bipolar neuron

A

sensory systems

vision/hearing

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10
Q

unipolar neuron

A

somatosensory systems

touch/pain etc.

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11
Q

soma`

A

cell body, contains nucleus (keeps cell alive/functional)

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12
Q

dendrite

A

attached to soma

receives info from terminal buttons of other neurons

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13
Q

terminal buttons

A

end of the neuron, sends info to dendrites of other neurons (synapses)

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14
Q

axon (nerve fiber)

A

long, thin, cylindrical structure

sends info from soma to terminal buttons

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15
Q

action potential

A

.

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16
Q

glia

A

surrounds neurons and keep them in place
provide nourishment/oxygen to cells
insulate neurons
destroy pathogens/remove dead neurons
protect from harmful substances
form the myelin sheath
can send signals that regulate strength of connections between neurons
release chemicals that increase reactivity of neurons
form networks
may modulate the activity level o neurons nearby

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17
Q

myelin

A

white fatty substance
makes up some types of glial cells
glial cells wrap around axon to provide insulating myelin sheath

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18
Q

white matter

A

myelinated axons traveling (within brain or to/from body)

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19
Q

gray matter

A

cell bodies + dendrites + unmyelinated axons

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20
Q

action potential

A

electrical signal communication within the neuron
sent from cell body to terminal buttons telling them to release neurotransmitters
fundamental info carrier of the nervous system
will always be same size and speed

21
Q

resting potential

A

membrane potential of a neuron when it is not being altered by excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

22
Q

threshold of excitation

A

value of the membrane potential that must be riches to produce an action potential

23
Q

Depolarization

A

reduction of membrane potential from normal resting potential

24
Q

refractory period

A

time after an action potential where neuron’s cell membrane is unprepared for next action potential

25
Q

neuron fire

A

when neuron produces action potential

26
Q

propagation

A

spread of action potential down axon caused by successive changes in electrical charge alone length of axon’s membrane

27
Q

all-or-none law

A

action potential is always same speed/strength

28
Q

synapse

A

junction between terminal button and membrane of another neuron

29
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical released by terminal button

has excitatory/inhibitory effect on other neurons

30
Q

presynaptic neuron

A

sends message

31
Q

post synaptic neuron

A

receives message

32
Q

presynaptic membrane

A

membrane of terminal button that lies adjacent to postsynaptic membrane

33
Q

postsynaptic membrane

A

opposite to the terminal buttons (which receive info)

34
Q

synaptic cleft

A

space between pre/post synaptic membrane

35
Q

synaptic vesicle

A

small, hollow, beadlike structure
interminal buttons
contains molecules of a neurotransmitter

36
Q

Dopamine (DA)

A

Influences movement, motivation, emotion, learning, attention

37
Q

Norepinephrine (NE)

A

Helps control arousal level; influences wakefulness, learning, + memory

38
Q

Glutamate

A

Major excitatory transmitter in the brain, role in learning and memory

39
Q

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)

A

Most widely distributed inhibitory transmitter in CNE

40
Q

Serotonin (5HT - 5-hydroxy-tryptamine)

A

Involved in sleep, mood, hunger, and arousal

41
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Realized at many synapses, makes muscle fibers contract. Involved in learning, memory

42
Q

Postsynaptic potential

A

Produced by release of neurotransmitter at synapse
Alteration of the membrane potential of a postsynaptic neuron
depolarizing (excitatory)
Hyper-polarizing (inhibitory)

43
Q

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

A

Excitatory depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane of a synapse
Caused by liberation of a neurotransmitter by terminal button

44
Q

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

A

Inhibitory hyper-polarization of the postsynaptic membrane of a synapse caused by liberation of a neurotransmitter by the terminal button

45
Q

Neural integration

A

Process where inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials summate and control the rate of firing
Inhibitory = IPSPs diminish the size of EPSPs and prevent firing
Excitatory = EPSPs summate as they travel towards axon and the axon fires

46
Q

Reuptake

A

Re entry of a neurotransmitter just released by a terminal button back through its membrane (terminating the postsynaptic potential)

47
Q

Enzymatic deactivation

A

Destruction of a neurotransmitter by an enzyme after its release (ex: acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase)

48
Q

Agonists

A

Drugs that enhance a neurotransmitter’s activity

49
Q

Antagonists

A

Drugs that impede the activity of a neurotransmitter

Psych (5 decks)

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