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Integumentary > 3 - Responses Of The Skin To Injury > Flashcards

3 - Responses Of The Skin To Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Skin patterns imply

A

The Pathogenesis and cause

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2
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Increased thickness of the stratum corneum

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3
Q

Hyperkeratosis can be due to

A

Non specific reaction to chronic stimuli

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4
Q

Is there a nucleus with othokeratotic

A

Lacks nuclei

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5
Q

Examples of causes of orthokeratotic

A

Seborrhea, icthyosis, vitamin A deficiency

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6
Q

What could cause parakeratosis

A

Zinc responsive dermatitis, superficial neuroleptic dermatitis

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7
Q

Epidermal hyperplasia

A

Increase thickness of the epidermis due to an increase number of cells

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8
Q

Epidermal hyperplasia occur where

A

Stratum spinosum - Acanthosis

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9
Q

Rete Pegs

A

Down growths of epidermis into the dermis

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10
Q

Where is rete peg normal

A

High friction - foot pads, gingiva

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11
Q

Where is another place you can find rete pegs

A

Chronic irritation

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12
Q

Epidermal dysplasia

A

Abnormal development of the epidermis

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13
Q

Disorganization of any of the layers of the epidermis

A

Epidermal dysplasia

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14
Q

Epidermal dysplasia is most often in what cells

A

Basal cells

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15
Q

Epidermal dysplasia is often what type of lesions

A

Pre neoplasticism

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16
Q

Epidermal atrophy

A

Decrease in number and size of the cells within the epidermis

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17
Q

Possible caues for epidermal atrophy

A

Hyperadrenocorticism, partial ischemia, severe malnutrition

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18
Q

What are some distinct Pathogenesis, but histologically identical

A

Dyskeratosis, apoptosis, necrosis

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19
Q

If dykeratosis/apoptosis/necrosis is confined to the basal layer

A

Discoid lupus/ muscocutaneous pyoderma

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20
Q

If dykeratosis/apoptosis/necrosis is multifola at all layers

A

Erythema multiforme

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21
Q

If dykeratosis/apoptosis/necrosis diffuse / full thickness

A

Toxic dermal necrolysis, thermal injury q

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22
Q

Edema

A

Fluid balance

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23
Q

Acantholysis

A

Loss of cell adhesion

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24
Q

Widening of intercellular spaces due to worsening edema lead to

A

Spongiosis

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25
Q

Los of cells due to worsening edema leads to

A

Ballooning degeneration

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26
Q

Ballooning degeneration is what type of edema

A

Intracellular

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27
Q

Spongiosis is what type of edema

A

Intercellular edema

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28
Q

Loss of interest-cellular junctions resulting in separation of cells

A

Acantholysis

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29
Q

What do you think of when u see Acantholysis cells

A

Immune mediated process

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30
Q

Immune mediated process related to Acantholysis cells

A

Pemphigus

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31
Q

What are neutrophilic enzyme destruction that can h cause Acantholysis cells

A

Superficial bacterial folliculitis, and ring worms

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32
Q

Where can you look for Acantholysis cells

A

Vesicles and crusts

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33
Q

Which cell are r typically disassociated from others Acantholysis or Apoptotic

A

Acantholysis

34
Q

What type of pemphigus is asooocaited with Superfifical

A

Pephigus folicaceous

35
Q

Pemphigus folicaceous forms pustules where

A

Beneath the stratum corneum

36
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris is characterized by

A

Suprabasilar cleft

37
Q

Bulbous pemphigoid / thermal burns are characterized by

A

Completely separating from the dermis?

38
Q

Exocytosis

A

Inflammatory cells walking through the epidermis

39
Q

Crust

A

Form as pustules dry up or are pushed off by the hyperplastic epidermis

40
Q

Hyperpigmentation is most commonly due to

A

Increased production of melanin by existing melanocytes

41
Q

Hyperpigmentation can also occur due to proliferation of

A

Melanocytes

42
Q

Lentigo

A

Black spots around the eyes

43
Q

Pigmentary incontinence

A

Loss of melanin from pigmented cells in the basal layer

44
Q

What is damaged in Pigmentary incontiene

A

Basal cells or melanocytes

45
Q

In pigmentary incontience the pigment is phagocytes by

A

Macrophages in the Superfifical dermis

46
Q

Dermal atrophy

A

Decrease in the quantity of collagen fibrils and fibroblast in teh dermis

47
Q

Flame figures

A

Hyper - eosinophilic

48
Q

Hyper - eosinphilic collagen degradation

A

Surrounded by eosinphils and major basic protein

49
Q

Examples of eosinphilic degradation

A

Feline eosinphilic granulosum complex, canine eosinphilic granulomas, equine modular necrobiosis, habronemiasia, mast cell tumors

50
Q

Mineralization

A

Calcinosis cutis - mineralization of the collagen

51
Q

Calcinosis Cutis occurs in dogs with

A

Hyperadrenocortisicsm

52
Q

Mineralization nodules

A

Calcinosis circumscribed

53
Q

Hemidesmosomes attach where

A

To the basement membrane

54
Q

Neutrophilic pustules

A

Bacterial and pemphigus

55
Q

Eosinphilic pustules

A

Ectoparasites and pemphigus

56
Q

Crust form as

A

Pustules dry up

57
Q

2 examples of alterations in epidermal pigmentation

A

Hyperpigmentation and pigmentary incontinence

58
Q

2 examples of hyperpigmentation caues

A

Chronic inflammatory disease and endocrine dermatoses

59
Q

Pigmentary incontience is a feature what specific disease

A

Discoid Lupus and VKH

60
Q

What can cause dermal atrophy

A

Hyperadrenocorticism

61
Q

Responses of the dermis to injury

A

Alteration in growth, collagen degradation, dermal deposits, inflammation in the dermis

62
Q

Mucin is in

A

Shar Pei or hypothyroidism

63
Q

Perivascular dermatitis

A

Inflammatory cells are centered around teh blood vessel

64
Q

Vasculitis

A

Inflammation is targeting the walls of the blood vessels

65
Q

FIP and Sepsis can cause

A

Vasculitis

66
Q

Interface dermatitis

A

Superficial dermal inflammation in the cells surrounding the dermo - epidermal junction

67
Q

Interface dermatitis causes basal cells to be

A

Vacuolated and necrotic

68
Q

Which pigmentation thing is seen with interface dermatitis

A

Pigmentary incontience

69
Q

Lichenoid

A

Band beneath the epidermis

70
Q

Nodular to diffuse dermatitis is usually

A

Infectious

71
Q

Responses of the adnexa to injury

A

Alterations in growth and inflammation of the adnexa

72
Q

2 alterations in growth of the adnexa

A

Atrophy and hypertrophic

73
Q

Adnexa atrophy is indicative of

A

Endocrine or ischemia

74
Q

Adnexa hypertrophy is indicative of

A

Chronic irritation

75
Q

Inflammation of the adnexa can affected

A

Follicles and glands

76
Q

Folliculitis overtime turn to

A

Furunculosis

77
Q

Furunculosis

A

Inflammation associated with follicular rupture

78
Q

Sebaceous amenities

A

Immune mediated reaction targeting teh sebaceous glands

79
Q

Sebaceous adenitis is seen in

A

Akitas , standard poodles, vizlas

80
Q

Pannuculus atrophy

A

Chronic negative energy balance

81
Q

Panniculus hypertrophy

82
Q

Panniculitis

Integumentary (8 decks)

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