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PATH2005 > 3 - respiratory system > Flashcards

3 - respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

differences between right and left lung

A

right lung: shorter + wider than left, 3 lobes

left lung: 2 lobes

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2
Q

lung: functions

A

air conduction
air filtration
gas exchange

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3
Q

conducting portion: characteristics

A
  • respiratory epithelium - ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  • cartilage + smooth muscle
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4
Q

respiratory portion: characteristics

A
  • gas exchange
  • simple squamous epithelium
  • type I and II pneumocytes
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5
Q

conducting portion: structures

A

extrapulmonary - nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi
intrapulmonary - secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi and terminal bronchioles

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6
Q

respiratory portion: structures

A

respiratory bronchioles

alveolar ducts + alveoli

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7
Q

Cells of conducting portion

A
  • ciliated columnar cells
  • mucous goblet cells
  • brush cells
  • basal cells
  • small granule cells `
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8
Q

nasal cavity: components

A

vestibule: hairs, stratified squamous epithelium & sebaceous glands
nasale fossae: roof, floor and internal nares - olfactory mucosa

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9
Q

nasal conchae: function

A

increases surface area and creates turbulence

turbulence: allows air to come into contact with lamina propria & conditions air

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10
Q

nasale conchae: parts

A

superior, middle, inferior

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11
Q

conditioning of the air

A

warmed
moistened
filtered
turbulence

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12
Q

nasal epithelium: olfactory epithelium

A
  • cell types: supporting cells, basal cells, olfactory neurons
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13
Q

olfactory receptors

A

dendrites + cilia - respond to odours and generate receptor potentials
sense of smell - odours solubilised in mucous, odour-binding molecules transport to olfactory receptors

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14
Q

nasopharynx: epithelium

A

near soft palate: ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
remainder: non-keratinised stratified squamous

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15
Q

`larynx: epithelium

A

vocal cords: non-keratinised stratified squamous

remainder: ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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16
Q

trachea: structure

A
  • cricoid cartilage
  • bifurcation: divided into 2 branches
  • short flexible air tube
17
Q

trachea: layers

A

respiratory mucosa - ciliated pseudostratified
submucosa
cartilaginous rings - hyaline cartilage, trachealis muscle + fibroelastic tissue
adventitia

18
Q

trachea: functional histology

A
  • pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

- goblet cells

19
Q

primary bronchus

A
  • cartilage plates

- more simplified epithelium

20
Q

secondary bronchus:epithelium

A
  • lined with ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
21
Q

terminal bronchiole - changes

A

cartilage replaced with smooth muscle

22
Q

bronchus -> bronchi: changes

A

branching
irregular cartilage - plates instead of rings
smooth muscle: continuous layer in larger bronchi + loosely organised in smaller bronchi
lamina propria - mucous + serous glands, elastic fibres

23
Q

changes in epithelium from bronchus to bronchioles

A 
pseudostratified 
simple columnar 
low cuboidal 
lose goblet cells 
lose cilia
24
Q

larger vs smaller bronchioles

A

larger: pseudostratified ciliated columnar
smaller: cililated simple columnar to cuboidal

25
Q

clara cells

A

secrete surfactants
prevent collapse of bronchioles
produce p450 - detoxify harmful components

26
Q

terminal bronchioles

A

ciliated columnar cells
clara cells
smooth muscle
elastic fibres

27
Q

respiratory bronchioles: mucosa

A

low cubodial epithelium
parts with no cilia
opens up to alveoli pockets - simple squamous epithelium for gas exchange

28
Q

alveoli

A

gas exchange between air and blood
surrounded by capillary network
simple squamous epithelium

29
Q

alveoli wall: thick vs thin sections

A

thick: CT cells between basal laminae + CT fibres for support
thin: respiratory epithelium, fused basal laminae, gas exchange

30
Q

type I pneumocytes

A

simple squamous
pinocytotic vesicles
gas exchange
95% of surface area

31
Q

type II pneumocytes

A

secrete surfactant: reduce surface tension
5% surface area
cuboidal cells

32
Q

alveolar macrophages: location

A

interior of alveolar septum + surface alveoli

33
Q

alveolar capillaries

A

thin
nuclei bunched
efficient gas exchange

34
Q

conducting portion: functions

A
  • conduit for air travel to + from lungs

- conditions inspired air

PATH2005 (6 decks)

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