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PATH2005 > 2 - Cells > Flashcards

2 - Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Cell types

A 
Secretory 
Absorption 
Storage + transport 
Protection 
Support
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2
Q

Secretory Cell Types

A 
Protein cells 
- Rough ER: ribosomes and protein synthesis
Endocrine cells 
- Smooth ER: lipid + steroid synthesis 
- Rough ER: Proteins
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3
Q

Absorption cells

A 
Microvilli 
Mitochondria 
- Basolateral surface 
- Energy for cells producing ATP 
Vesicles
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4
Q

Storage and transport cells

A 
Erythrocyte 
- No organelles
- Oxygen and nutrient transport 
- Waste and CO2 removal 
- Deliver hormones 
Adipocytes 
- No organelles
- Lipid storage
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5
Q

Protection cells

A 
Keratinocytes 
- Produce keratin/ cytokeratins 
- Toughen surface for protection 
Melanocytes 
- Pigment producing in epidermis 
- Protect against UV radiation
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6
Q

Support cells

A

Fibroblasts + fibrocytes
- synthesis of collagen, elastin + reticular fibres

Chondroblasts + chondrocytes

  • Synthesis cartilage
  • Hyaline: type II collagen fibres, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, glycoaminoglycans
  • Elastic: elastic fibres + elastic lamellar
  • Fibrocartilage: type I collagen

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes

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7
Q

Types of CT

A

CT proper

  • Dense -> regular & irregular
  • Loose

CT with properties

  • Adipose
  • Elastic
  • Haematopoietic
  • Mucous

Supporting CT

  • Cartilage
  • Bone
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8
Q

Functions of epithelium tissue

A
  • Barrier

- Secretion + Absorption

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9
Q

Characteristics of epithelium tissue

A
  • Basement membrane anchors cells
  • Apical surface
  • Avascular
  • +++ cellular material
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10
Q

Epithelium: Simple cell shapes

A
  • Squamous: cell width greater than height
  • Cuboidal: width, depth + height approx same
  • Columnar: height exceeds width
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11
Q

Transitional epithelium

A
  • Uroepithelium
  • Only found in urinary system
  • From minor calyces of kidneys to proximal part of urethra
  • Stratified epithelium: height of cells vary with each layer
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12
Q

Division of nervous tissues

A

CNS: brain + spinal cord

PNS: cranial, spinal + peripheral

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13
Q

-Cells of nervous tissue (CNS + PNS)

A

CNS: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal

PNS: satellite, schwann cells

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14
Q

Two structural forms of organs

A

Tubular/hollow
- inner, middle, outer

Compact/parenchyma
- Solid

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15
Q

Types of surface membranes: description + e.g. of location

A
  • Cutaneous: dry abrasive protection - skin
  • Mucous: moist membrane, lubricated - GIT + lung
  • Serous: mesothelial lining of body cavities - pleural
  • Vascular: endothelial lining of BV + heart
  • Serosa: outer surface membrane when organ is inside body cavity (peritoneal)
  • Adventitia: outer surface membrane when organ is outside body cavity (retroperitoneal)
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16
Q

Compact organs: characteristics

A
  • Solid, no lumen
  • Covered in serous membrane
  • Features: stroma and parenchyma
17
Q

Stroma: composed of -

A
  • Capsule: dense irregular CT, covered by serosa
  • Hilus: indented, thick CT, entry point for BVs, nerves, lymphatics
  • Trabeculae: Divides organs into lobes
  • Reticular framework: scaffold, reticulin fibres
18
Q

Parenchyma: Composed of -

A

Cords: liver, adrenal glands
Follicles: thyroid + lymphatic organs
Tubules: kidney + testis

19
Q

Example of hollow organ

A

Small intestine

20
Q

Example of solid organ

A

Liver

21
Q

liver - arrangement of cellular tissue

A

cords

22
Q

adrenal glands - arrangement of cellular tissue

A

cords

23
Q

thyroid - arrangement of cellular tissue

A

follicles

24
Q

lymph node - arrangement of cellular tissue

A

follicles

25
Q

kidney - arrangement of cellular tissue

A

tubules

26
Q

testis - arrangement of cellular tissue

A

tubules

27
Q

tubular organ: inner layer

A
  • mucosal layer
  • functional epithelial next to lumen with underlying CT layer
  • main component: cells
28
Q

tubular organ: middle layer

A
  • muscularis externa
  • muscular walls
  • muscle fibre orientation: inner circular + outer longitudinal
  • function: movement of contents within lumen
29
Q

tubular organ: outer layer

A
  • adventitia (retroperitoneal, organ outside of cavity)
  • serosa layer (peritoneal, organ inside cavity)
  • CT layer with flat and thin epithelium
  • function: protection

PATH2005 (6 decks)

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