2 - Cells Flashcards
Cell types
Secretory Absorption Storage + transport Protection Support
Secretory Cell Types
Protein cells - Rough ER: ribosomes and protein synthesis Endocrine cells - Smooth ER: lipid + steroid synthesis - Rough ER: Proteins
Absorption cells
Microvilli Mitochondria - Basolateral surface - Energy for cells producing ATP Vesicles
Storage and transport cells
Erythrocyte - No organelles - Oxygen and nutrient transport - Waste and CO2 removal - Deliver hormones Adipocytes - No organelles - Lipid storage
Protection cells
Keratinocytes - Produce keratin/ cytokeratins - Toughen surface for protection Melanocytes - Pigment producing in epidermis - Protect against UV radiation
Support cells
Fibroblasts + fibrocytes
- synthesis of collagen, elastin + reticular fibres
Chondroblasts + chondrocytes
- Synthesis cartilage
- Hyaline: type II collagen fibres, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, glycoaminoglycans
- Elastic: elastic fibres + elastic lamellar
- Fibrocartilage: type I collagen
Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes
Types of CT
CT proper
- Dense -> regular & irregular
- Loose
CT with properties
- Adipose
- Elastic
- Haematopoietic
- Mucous
Supporting CT
- Cartilage
- Bone
Functions of epithelium tissue
- Barrier
- Secretion + Absorption
Characteristics of epithelium tissue
- Basement membrane anchors cells
- Apical surface
- Avascular
- +++ cellular material
Epithelium: Simple cell shapes
- Squamous: cell width greater than height
- Cuboidal: width, depth + height approx same
- Columnar: height exceeds width
Transitional epithelium
- Uroepithelium
- Only found in urinary system
- From minor calyces of kidneys to proximal part of urethra
- Stratified epithelium: height of cells vary with each layer
Division of nervous tissues
CNS: brain + spinal cord
PNS: cranial, spinal + peripheral
-Cells of nervous tissue (CNS + PNS)
CNS: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal
PNS: satellite, schwann cells
Two structural forms of organs
Tubular/hollow
- inner, middle, outer
Compact/parenchyma
- Solid
Types of surface membranes: description + e.g. of location
- Cutaneous: dry abrasive protection - skin
- Mucous: moist membrane, lubricated - GIT + lung
- Serous: mesothelial lining of body cavities - pleural
- Vascular: endothelial lining of BV + heart
- Serosa: outer surface membrane when organ is inside body cavity (peritoneal)
- Adventitia: outer surface membrane when organ is outside body cavity (retroperitoneal)
Compact organs: characteristics
- Solid, no lumen
- Covered in serous membrane
- Features: stroma and parenchyma
Stroma: composed of -
- Capsule: dense irregular CT, covered by serosa
- Hilus: indented, thick CT, entry point for BVs, nerves, lymphatics
- Trabeculae: Divides organs into lobes
- Reticular framework: scaffold, reticulin fibres
Parenchyma: Composed of -
Cords: liver, adrenal glands
Follicles: thyroid + lymphatic organs
Tubules: kidney + testis
Example of hollow organ
Small intestine
Example of solid organ
Liver
liver - arrangement of cellular tissue
cords
adrenal glands - arrangement of cellular tissue
cords
thyroid - arrangement of cellular tissue
follicles
lymph node - arrangement of cellular tissue
follicles
kidney - arrangement of cellular tissue
tubules
testis - arrangement of cellular tissue
tubules
tubular organ: inner layer
- mucosal layer
- functional epithelial next to lumen with underlying CT layer
- main component: cells
tubular organ: middle layer
- muscularis externa
- muscular walls
- muscle fibre orientation: inner circular + outer longitudinal
- function: movement of contents within lumen
tubular organ: outer layer
- adventitia (retroperitoneal, organ outside of cavity)
- serosa layer (peritoneal, organ inside cavity)
- CT layer with flat and thin epithelium
- function: protection
