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PATH2005 > 2.2 skin histology > Flashcards

2.2 skin histology Flashcards

1
Q

Skin functions

A

barrier, immunity. sensory functions, exocrine functions, homeostasis, excretion

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2
Q

Skin layers

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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3
Q

Epidermis: characteristics

A 
superficial layer
resist abrasion 
ectoderm 
avascular 
nourishment from diffusion of capillaries in papillary layer of dermis
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4
Q

Dermis: characteristics

A

contains hair, glands, ducts and bvs

mesoderm

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5
Q

Hypodermis: characteristics

A

subcutaneous tissue
loose CT
adipose tissue

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6
Q

Epidermis layers `

A 
Stratum corneum
stratum lucidium
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
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7
Q

Stratum corneum

A

superficial layer

keratinised cells - flat + non-nucleated

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8
Q

stratum lucidium

A

thick skin, flat cells

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9
Q

stratum granulosum

A

keratohyalin granules
terminal differentiation - nucleus + other organelles degenerate -> cell death
flat + polygonal cells

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10
Q

stratum spinosum

A

thickest layer
keratin fibre synthesis
cuboidal cells

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11
Q

stratum basale

A

high mitotic activity
on basement membrane
cuboidal/low columnar

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12
Q

Epidermal cells

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
merkel cells
langerhan cells

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13
Q

Desquamation

A

cells in deeper layer undergo mitosis
cells move up toward the surface
older cells slough off
epidermis renewed ~15 days

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14
Q

keratinisation

A

cells move upward through layer fill with keratin and die

layer resists abrasion + forms waterproof layer

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15
Q

thick vs thin skin

A

thick - hairless, thick stratum corneum, stratum lucidium present, 5 layers
thin - hair, thin stratum corneum, no stratum lucidium , 4 layers

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16
Q

dermis: characteristics

A

structural strength
connective tissue with: fibres, fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes
contains: BVs, nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands

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17
Q

dermis: function

A

support endothelial cells of epidermis
connect epidermis to hypodermis
changes in thickness

18
Q

dermis: layers

A

papillary

reticular

19
Q

dermis: papillary layer

A

superficial
loose ct with elastic fibres, collagen fibres
dermal papillae

20
Q

dermis: reticular layer

A

dense irregular ct
thick collagen bundles
coarse elastic fibres
hair follicles, nerves, adipose, oil glands

21
Q

thick vs thin skin: dermal papillae

A

thick skin - well formed rete ridge system

thin skin - poorly formed rete ridge system

22
Q

rete ridge system

A

interface between epidermis + dermis held together by interlocking epidermal ridges
prevents epidermal separation

23
Q

free nerve endings

A

fine touch

heat and cold

24
Q

pancinian corpuscle

A

crude touch
high freq vibrations
reticular dermis

25
Q

meissner’s corpuscle

A

discriminative touch
low freq vibrations
in papillary dermis

26
Q

hypodernis: consists of

A 
loose CT
adipose cells
fibroblasts
macrophages 
contains 50% of body's adipose tissue
27
Q

hypodermis: function

A

energy source
insulation
padding
supplies the dermis

28
Q

determination of skin colour

A

pigment
blood circulation through skin
thickness of stratum corneum

29
Q

melanin

A

protect against UV

eumelanin: brown -> black pigments
pheuomelanin: yellow -> red pigments

30
Q

melanocytes

A

produce melanin then passed into keratinocytes via dendritic processes that extend between keratinocyte

31
Q

melanocytes in light vs dark skin

A

light skin: stratum basale

dark skin: stratum granulosum

32
Q

accessory skin structures

A

hair
sebaceous glands
sweat glands

33
Q

type of sweat glands

A

eccrine -

apocrine -

34
Q

types of malignant melanoma

A

basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma

35
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A 
basale layer 
30% incidence rate 
slow growth 
arises from hair follicle 
treatment: surgical removal
36
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

atypical cells of epidermis
disruption of basement membrane
tumour spread into lymph

37
Q

malignant melanoma

A

metastatic and invasive

effects melanocytes -> abnormal with dark keratin granules that migrate through epidermis and dermis entering the lymph

38
Q

stages of wound healing

A
  1. Blood clot formation
  2. Macrophages remove damaged CT fibres
  3. Re-epithelialisation
  4. Deposition and remodelling of CT and the CT matrix
39
Q

Eccrine sweat glands: characteristics

A
  • most common
  • temp regulation
  • coiled tubular glands - produce sweat
  • excretes ammonia, urea, uric & lactic acid
40
Q

Apocrine sweat glands: characteristics

A
  • active at puberty
  • coiled, compound tubular glands
  • secretes odourless compounds that become odiferous when acted upon bacteria
  • found in axillae, genitalia
41
Q

sebaceous glands: characteristics

A
  • pheromones
  • holocrine secretion
  • oily sebum secretion
  • empties into hair follicles
42
Q

epithelium: characteristics `

A
  • presence of basement membrane
  • high cell turnover
  • defined apical surface
  • involved in formation of exocrine and endocrine glands

PATH2005 (6 decks)

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