Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CRRAB 2 > 3: Resp ID 2 > Flashcards

3: Resp ID 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of bronchitis (general)

A

Mainly viral esp common cold viruses and flu. Bacterial 2* infections possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is bronchiolitis? Most common cause?

A

Viral infection in infants. RSV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most common cause of pertussis (general)

A

Bacterial infection, >90% B. pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia (general)

A

Various: viral (more common in children), bacterial, fungal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Presentation of bronchitis

A

Cough, fever, CP. Preceeding common cold signs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CXR of bronchitis

A

Usually no consolidations or infiltrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Etiology of bronchitis

A

Usually after viral URI that spreads down to trachea, bronchi and bronchioles (not alveoli) -> hacking cough, some sputum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bronchitis treatment

A

Usually self-limited. If >14 d w fever and purulent sputum, likely bacterial -> culture, abx (usually erythromycin or azithromycin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Classification of rhinovirus

A

Class IV: ssRNA+ nonsegmented, icosahedral, non-enveloped, picornaviridae family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Classification of paramyxovirus (parainfluenza virus)

A

Class V: ssRNA- nonsegmented, helical, enveloped, paramyxoviridae family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Classification of Mastadenovirus

A

Group 1: dsDNA, icosahedral, non-enveloped, adenoviridae family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Staining of mycoplasma pneumoniae. What are mycoplasma?

A

Lack cell wall = not gram pos or neg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Classification of chlamydia pneumoniae (general)

A

Bacteria, does not gram stain (not + or -). Obligate intracellular parasite, replicate within inclusion bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most common causes of atypical pneumonia (4)

A

Mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia, viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in adults 18-40

A

Mycoplasma, Chlamydia pneumoniae, S. pneumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dx of bronchiolitis

A

Infant (narrow airways) Rule out pneumonia via CXR + clinical signs and symptoms, usually preceeding viral URI. Test for RSV antigen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment of bronchiolitis

A

May need O2. In high risk patient (pre-mature, congenetic abnl): passive immunization with anti-RSV antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common cause of bronchiolitis (3)

A

Paramyxovirus (parainfluenza), RSV, Mastadenovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bronchiolitis is inflammation of the bronchial tree as low as ___

A

bronchioles (not alveolar involvement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Symptoms of Pertussis

A

2 distinct symptom phases + convalescent phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

First stage of pertussis infection

A

Incubation 3-21d then catarrhal stage: cold sx esp rhinorrhea, 1-2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Second stage of pertussis

A

Paroxysmal stage: severe, uncontrollable coughing -> burst blood vessels in eye, vomiting, seizures from small brain hemorrhages

23
Q

What is the pertussis toxin? What does it cause in the body?

A

AB toxin: B binds, A enters -> enzymatic act -> lots of cAMP ->mucus production -> cough. Tracheal cytotoxin (separate entity) kills ciliated cells.

24
Q

Classification of B. pertussis (gram and shape)

A

Gram - pleomorphic coccobacilli

25
Q

How is pertussis grown in the lab?

A

Bordet-Gengou Agar -> selective growth of Bordetella spp. Uses horse blood, beef extract, gelatin peptone, starch, charcoal, niacin

26
Q

Most common causes of meningitis in children 6 mo - 6 years (3)

A

S. pneumo, N. meningitidis, H. flu type B (dec w Hib vaccine)

27
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in adults 40-65

A

S. pneumo, H. flu, Legionella

28
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia 65+

A

S. pneumo, gram neg rods, H. flu

29
Q

Most common cause of meningitis in 60+

A

S. pneumo, gram neg rods, Listeria

30
Q

How is the influenza virus’ genome and replication conducive to its survival?

A

High error rate of polymerase -> many mutations + segment swapping in individuals infected with 2 strains at once

31
Q

How is hemaglutinin utilized by the influenza virus?

A

Hemaglutinin: viral surface protein that allows it to attach to the sialic acid on the host cell -> endocytosis

32
Q

How is neuraminidase utilized by the influenza virus?

A

Cleaves hemaglutinin bound to sialic acid allowing for viral spread

33
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

Major changes in antigens occur due to gene reassortment in the influenza virus

34
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

Minor changes in antigens occur due to gene mutation in influenza virus.

35
Q

What is the significance of influenza’s ability to infect birds, pigs, and other animals?

A

E.g. infection of pig with human and bird version results in reassortant virus particle via mixing of segments -> attacks new hosts

36
Q

Why are new strains of influenza particularly concerning

A

Tend to have increased mortality rates due to lack of adaptive immune response

37
Q

What is influenza reassortment? What group is most susceptible?

A

Human, swine, and avian segments are swapped leading to new assortments that have not hit humans before -> inc mortality. Pregnant women.

38
Q

How is each season’s flu vaccine produced

A

Worldwide surveillance for prevalent strains -> infect chicken eggs (rapid growth) -> inactivated. Made 6 mo ahead of season

39
Q

Classification of Respiratory syncytial virus

A

Class V: ssRNA-, helical, enveloped, paramyxoviridae family -pneumovirus group - RSV

40
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in young children (2)

A

RSV, parainfluenza virus

41
Q

Most common causes of aseptic meningitis (3)

A

Coxsackievirus, echo, mumps virus

42
Q

Most common causes of palm and sole rash

A

Syphilis, RMSF, Coxsackie

43
Q

Most common causes of conjunctivitis

A

H. flu, Adenoviruses, S. pneumo

44
Q

What is the convalescent stage of pertussis?

A

bacteria decreasing -> no ongoing symptoms BUT cilia of epithelial cells are recovering weeks to months (suscept to 2* infection)

45
Q

Classification of s. pyogenes inc __ hemolytic and bacitracin ___.

A

Gram + cocci, catalase neg, beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive

46
Q

Classification of H. flu

A

gram neg coccobacilli (pleomorphic), X & V factors required

47
Q

S. pneumo classification including sensitivities

A

Gram + diplococci, catalase neg, alpha hemolytic, bile-esculin neg, optochin susceptible

48
Q

How does the neuraminidase receptor evade immune detection over time?

A

Constantly changes sequence of exposed regions where antibodies bind while keeping the binding sites at a low rate of mutation

49
Q

Classification of S. agalactiae including bacitracin sensitivity

A

= GBS. Gram pos cocci, catalase neg, beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant.

50
Q

N. asteroides classification

A

Gram + beaded filaments, weakly acid fast, obligate aerobe

51
Q

2 clinically relevant acid-fast staining organisms

A

Nocardia and mycobacteria

52
Q

Which bacteria resemble fungi (2)? How can they be differentiated?

A

Nocardia, Actinomyces israelii. A. israelii forms sulfur granulus and is not acid-fast.

53
Q

Pneumonia with rust-colored or currant jelly sputum suggests ___

A

More invasive microorganism, Klebsiella or strep pneumo both capable. Klebsiella is more invasive.

CRRAB 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions