1: Renal Pathology

Question 1

What type of collagen makes up the GBM?

Answer 1

Type IV monomers in a triple helix of alpha chains

Question 2

What part of the GBM is generally the target of anti-GBM nephritis?

Answer 2

globular noncollagenous domain (NC1) at carboxyl terminus of the collagen chain

Question 3

What makes up the visceral epithelial cells? What else do these cells do?

Answer 3

Podocytes, also synthesize GBM components

Question 4

Nephrotic refers to a problem with ___

Answer 4

podocytes

Question 5

Mesangial cell functions (6)

Answer 5

Contractile, phagocytic, proliferative, lay down collagen, secrete inflammatory mediators, supports glomerular capillaries

Question 6

What component of the nephron tubules is particularly sensitive to ischemia?

Answer 6

Proximal tubules

Question 7

3 categories of renal disease and usual cause

Answer 7

1. Glomerular - usually immune-mediated.
2. Tubulointerstitial - toxic/ischemic and inflammatory rxns.
3. Vascular

Question 8

Differentiate between Azotemia and Uremia

Answer 8

Azotemia: nitrogenous biochemical abnormality.
Uremia: azotemia + clinical sx e.g. gastroenteritis, anemia, neuropathy, pruritis, pericarditis

Question 9

Presentation of Nephritic syndrome

Answer 9

Hematuria (usually gross), mild to mod proteinuria (~1g/d), HTN

Question 10

Nephrotic syndrome presentation

Answer 10

Massive >3.5g/d proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema (esp periorbital), hyperlipidemia, lipiduria

Question 11

Why hyperlipidemia in nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 11

Unclear, may be revving up of the liver due to hypoalbuminemia

Question 12

Ended slide 23

Answer 12

a