3- recap of autonomic Nervous system Flashcards
what are effects of sympathetic innervation?
- pupils dilate
- HR increase
- bronchioles dilate
- motility reduced in GI tract
- glycogenolysis, glucose released into blood stream
- adrenal glands, adrenaline released
- arterioles dilate in skeletal muscles and constrict in skin
- hair stands on end and sweat produced on skin
what is sympathetic outflow?
(you feel sympathy in heart so thoracolumbar outflow)
→T1-L2 segments, cell bodies for sympathetic innervation are in lateral horns between T1 and L2
what are the 4 routes for sympathetic innervation?
leaves spinal cord:
1. can synapse in sympathetic chain ganglia at that level
2. can travel up and synapse in sympathetic chain ganglia
3. can travel down and synapse in sympathetic chain ganglia
4. not synapsing in sympathetic chain ganglia but leaving and travelling as splanchnic nerves (either abdominal or pelvic) then synapsing at ganglia closer to target organ
what is route of sympathetic innervation for head & neck?
towards top of vertebral column there’s a superior cervical sympathetic chain ganglia. innervation leaves at T1 then travels up to superior cervical sympathetic chain ganglia, synapses there then nerve fibers then form nerve plexus around the arteries - pass into internal & external carotid arteries and use the arteries by following them up to head & neck.
what are the effects of parasympathetic innervation?
- pupils constrict
- HR decreases
- bronchioles constrict
- GI tract motility increased
- glucose synthesis in liver
- bladder sphincter relaxes
what is parasympathetic outflow?
(craniosacral outflow)
cranial nerves - II, VII, IX, X (3,7,9,10)
sacral - S2,3,4
what does parasympathetic ganglia in head supply?
eye, lacrimal gland, salivary gland
what is enteric nervous system?
subdivision of ANS, responsible for peristaltic movement of gut
how are visceral afferents linked to autonomic nervous system?
they travel with ANS (not part of it)
