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3 Public Opinion Flashcards

1
Q

Public opinion

A

the citizens views on politics + govt actions

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2
Q

Political socialization

A

Individuals political opinions are shaped by surroundings

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3
Q

Mass media

A

Many sources of political information available to American citizens

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4
Q

Mainstream media

A

Sources that predate the internet

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5
Q

Concentration

A

Single-company ownership of several media sources in one area

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6
Q

Cross ownership

A

Single-company ownership of several kinds of media outlets

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7
Q

Media conglomeration

A

Companies that control a larger number of media sources across several types of media outlets

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8
Q

Fake news

A

Deliberate misinformation or hoaxes spread through media

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9
Q

Off the record

A

Info cannot be released to the public

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10
Q

On background

A

A reporter may make it known that their information came from a source, but cannot tell who that source is

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11
Q

Shield laws

A

States give reporters right to refuse to name source (not fed laws)

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12
Q

By-product theory

A

Idea that many Americans acquire political info involuntarily rather than seeking it out

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13
Q

Filtering

A

Decisions on what to report

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14
Q

Slant

A

Imbalanced, not covering all candidates or sides

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15
Q

Priming

A

Media coverage affects importance people place on issues/events

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16
Q

Framing

A

Public opinion affected by what story is covered (context, explanation, details)

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17
Q

Interest groups

A

Organizations of people who share common political interests and aim to influence public policy by electioneering and lobbying

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18
Q

Lobbying

A

Efforts to influence public policy through contact with public officials

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19
Q

Social movement

A

A large body of people who are interested in a common issue, ideas or concern that is continuing significance and who are willing to take action to support/oppose it

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20
Q

Economic groups

A

Aim to influence policy to bring members monetary benefits

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21
Q

Citizen group

A

Mass membership groups with no members

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22
Q

Single-issue group

A

Focus on narrow range of topic or single govt program/legislature

23
Q

Collective action problem

A

Members of a group would benefit by working together, but each individual is better off refusing to cooperate + reaping benefits of those who do the work

24
Q

Coercion

A

Eliminating non-participation by requiring participation

25
Selective incentives
Benefits that can motivate participation as only available to those who participate
26
Iron triangles
A small group do well-positioned legislators, executives, and lobbyists who seek to promote policies beneficial to a particular interest
27
Issue networks
Informal + relatively open network of public officials + lobbyists who have a common interest in a given area and who are brought together by a proposed policy (disbands after issue is resolved)
28
Salience
The level of familiarity with an interest groups goal among the general population
29
Focus group
A small group of individuals assembled for a conversation about specific issues
30
Scientific poll
A representative poll of randomly selected respondents with a statistically significant sample size, using neutral language l
31
Sample
A group of individuals from a larger population used to measure public opinion
32
Random selection
A method of choosing all poll respondents in a way that does not over or under present any group of the population
33
Representative sample
A sample that reflect the demographics of the population
34
Weighting
A procedure in which the survey is adjusted according to the demographics of the larger population
35
Sampling error
The margin of error in a poll usually calculated to plus or minus 3% pts
36
Mass survey
A survey designed to measure the opinions of the population
37
Entrance survey
A poll conducted of people coming to an event
38
Exit poll
A survey conducted outside a polling place in which individuals are asked who/what they judged voted for and why
39
Benchmark poll
A survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to voters
40
Tracking polls
A survey determining the level of support for a candidate or an issue throughout a campaign
41
Random digit dialing
Use of telephone numbers randomly generated by computer to select potential survey respondents
42
Question order
The sequencing of questions in public opinion polls
43
Question wording
The phrasing of a question in public opinion poll
44
News media
Broad term that includes newspapers, magazines, radio, tv, internet sources, blog, and social media posting
45
Social media
Forms of electronic communication that enable users to create + share content or to participate in social networking
46
Agenda setting
Medias ability to highlight certain issues + bring them to the attention of the public
47
Wire service
An organization that gathers and reports on news and then sells the stories to other outlets
48
Investigative journalism
An approach to news gathering in which reporters dig into stories, often looking for instances of wrongdoing
49
Broadcast media
Outlets for news and other content that rely on mass communications technology to bring stories directly into people’s homes
50
New media
Various digital platforms through which individuals receive, share, produce content
51
Deregulation
Leads to increasing consolidation as news firms tried to maximalise their profits in the face of declining sales + ad revenue
52
Media consolidation
The concentration of ownership of the media into fewer corporations
53
Partisan bias
Slanting of political news coverage in support of a particular political party or ideology

APGAP (7 decks)

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