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APGAP > 1 Foundations + Consitution > Flashcards

1 Foundations + Consitution Flashcards

1
Q

Equal Access Act of 1984 (EAA)

A

Restrict the ability of pubic high schools to exclude religious extracurricular clubs

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2
Q

Democracy

A

A system of government where power is held by the people

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3
Q

natural rights

A

The right to life, liberty, and property which government cannot take away

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4
Q

Social contract

A

People allow their governments to rule over them to ensure an orderly + functioning society

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5
Q

Balancing power

A

Power of the government is divided between branches so that one cannot became more powerful

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6
Q

Abusing power

A

Government should be designed to keep greedy + ambitious from using political power for own gains

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7
Q

American political culture

A

The set of beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that Americans share

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8
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

The idea that the government’s right to rule comes from the people

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9
Q

Republicanism

A

A system in which the government’s right to rule comes from the people

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10
Q

Inalienable rights

A

Rights the government cannot take away (ex: life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)

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11
Q

Liberty

A

Social, political, and economic freedoms

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12
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Statement of political philosophy + NOT a governing document

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13
Q

Participatory democracy

A

A theory that widespread political participation is essential for democratic government (*citizen involvement)

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14
Q

Civil society groups

A

Independent associations outside the government’s control

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15
Q

Pluralist theory

A

A theory of democracy that emphasizes the role of groups in the policy making process (*groups)

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16
Q

Elitist theory

A

A theory of democracy that the elites have a disproportionate amount of influence in policy making process (*wealth)

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17
Q

Political institutions

A

The structure of government (executive, legislature, judiciary)

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18
Q

Constitutional republic

A

A democratic system with elected representatives in which the constitution is the supreme law

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19
Q

Collective action problem

A

Members of a group benefit from working together —> individual is better not cooperating + reaping others benefits work

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20
Q

Democracy

A

Power is from the people

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21
Q

Politics

A

Process of influencing the actions of+ policies of government

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22
Q

Government

A

Rules + institutions that make up that system of policy making

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23
Q

Confederation

A

Association of states who cooperate in certain areas of common goals but does not create a new sovereign state over the member states

24
Q

Annapolis Convention (1786)

A

Attempted to make changes to Articles of Confederation

25
Q

Constitutional Convention (1787)

A

Key figues were both present + absent, meeting was in secrecy

26
Q

Faction

A

A group motivated by selfish interests against the common good

27
Q

Pluralism

A

Many parties + interest guarantees no group has total control over

28
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Larger states propose legislature representation based on population

29
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Smaller states propose each state should receive equal representation in legislature

30
Q

Great Compromise

A

Bicaméral congrée, senate is equate representation, House of Rep is based on population

31
Q

Federalism

A

division of power across local, state, and federal levels of gov’t

32
Q

Reserved power

A

10th amendment states powers not govern to national gov’t are reserved to states or people

33
Q

3/5 compromise

A

Slaves count as 3/5 of a people regarding population in determining representation + taxation

34
Q

Fugitive slave act

A

In return for more regulation or commerce

35
Q

Federalists

A

Support government under central authority

36
Q

Anti-federalists

A

Opposed the ratification - gov’t is too powerful and threatened individual liberties

37
Q

Major provisions of the consitution

A

Exclusive powers (president veto), shared powers (congress start war + president is commander), and negative (checks) powers

38
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

A governing incumbent that created a union of 13 sovereign states in which the states, not the ntl govt were supreme

39
Q

Unicameral

A

Only one chamber
PRO
- raise army/navy —> but no money
CON
- can’t force states to carry out policies
- ntl gov asks states for $ —> govt sells land
- states have control over trade
- Congress can’t regulate interstate commerce
- no individual judicial branch

40
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

A popular uprising against the govt of Massachusetts
- cause: “shortage of hard money” can’t pay debts + rising taxes

41
Q

Goals of the Constitutional Convention

A
  1. Selecting Washington as President
  2. Creation of stronger fiscal + military state
42
Q

Habeas corpus

A

The right of people detained by the government to know the charges against them

43
Q

Ex post facto laws

A

A law punishing people for acts that were or crimes at the time they were committed

44
Q

Separation of powers

A

A design of government that distributes powers across institutions in order to avoid making one branch too powerful on its own

45
Q

Checks and Balances

A

A design of govt in which each branch has powers that can prevent the other branches from making policy decisions

46
Q

Expressed or eumerated powers

A

Authority specially granted to a branch of the government in the consitution

47
Q

Necessary and proper or elastic clause

A

Granting congress the powers necessary t carry out its enumerated powers

48
Q

Supremacy clause

A

Constitutional provision declaring that the constitution and all national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land

49
Q

Amendment

A

The process by which changes may be made to the consitution

50
Q

Amending documents need to be…

A

Officially proposed and ratified

51
Q

To be officially proposed…

A
  1. Passage by 2/3 vote in both House + Senate and
    OR
  2. Passage in ntl convention —> 2/3 states
52
Q

To be ratified…

A
  1. Majority vote in 3/4 state legislature
    OR
  2. Acceptance by ratifying conventions in 3/4 states
53
Q

Federalist Papers

A

A series of 85 essays by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay publish in 1787 and 1788

54
Q

Federalist No. 51

A

Madison argues that separation of powers + federalism —> prevents tyranny

55
Q

Federalist No. 10

A

Madison argues that dangers of faction can be mitigated by large republic/rep govt

56
Q

Bill of rights

A

A list of rights and liberties that govt cannot take away

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