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APGAP > 1 Foundations + Consitution > Flashcards

1 Foundations + Consitution Flashcards

1
Q

Equal Access Act of 1984 (EAA)

A

Restrict the ability of pubic high schools to exclude religious extracurricular clubs

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2
Q

Democracy

A

A system of government where power is held by the people

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3
Q

natural rights

A

The right to life, liberty, and property which government cannot take away

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4
Q

Social contract

A

People allow their governments to rule over them to ensure an orderly + functioning society

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5
Q

Balancing power

A

Power of the government is divided between branches so that one cannot became more powerful

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6
Q

Abusing power

A

Government should be designed to keep greedy + ambitious from using political power for own gains

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7
Q

American political culture

A

The set of beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that Americans share

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8
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

The idea that the government’s right to rule comes from the people

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9
Q

Republicanism

A

A system in which the government’s right to rule comes from the people

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10
Q

Inalienable rights

A

Rights the government cannot take away (ex: life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)

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11
Q

Liberty

A

Social, political, and economic freedoms

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12
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Statement of political philosophy + NOT a governing document

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13
Q

Participatory democracy

A

A theory that widespread political participation is essential for democratic government (*citizen involvement)

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14
Q

Civil society groups

A

Independent associations outside the government’s control

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15
Q

Pluralist theory

A

A theory of democracy that emphasizes the role of groups in the policy making process (*groups)

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16
Q

Elitist theory

A

A theory of democracy that the elites have a disproportionate amount of influence in policy making process (*wealth)

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17
Q

Political institutions

A

The structure of government (executive, legislature, judiciary)

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18
Q

Constitutional republic

A

A democratic system with elected representatives in which the constitution is the supreme law

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19
Q

Collective action problem

A

Members of a group benefit from working together —> individual is better not cooperating + reaping others benefits work

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20
Q

Democracy

A

Power is from the people

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21
Q

Politics

A

Process of influencing the actions of+ policies of government

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22
Q

Government

A

Rules + institutions that make up that system of policy making

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23
Q

Confederation

A

Association of states who cooperate in certain areas of common goals but does not create a new sovereign state over the member states

24
Q

Annapolis Convention (1786)

A

Attempted to make changes to Articles of Confederation

25
Constitutional Convention (1787)
Key figues were both present + absent, meeting was in secrecy
26
Faction
A group motivated by selfish interests against the common good
27
Pluralism
Many parties + interest guarantees no group has total control over
28
Virginia Plan
Larger states propose legislature representation based on population
29
New Jersey Plan
Smaller states propose each state should receive equal representation in legislature
30
Great Compromise
Bicaméral congrée, senate is equate representation, House of Rep is based on population
31
Federalism
division of power across local, state, and federal levels of gov’t
32
Reserved power
10th amendment states powers not govern to national gov’t are reserved to states or people
33
3/5 compromise
Slaves count as 3/5 of a people regarding population in determining representation + taxation
34
Fugitive slave act
In return for more regulation or commerce
35
Federalists
Support government under central authority
36
Anti-federalists
Opposed the ratification - gov’t is too powerful and threatened individual liberties
37
Major provisions of the consitution
Exclusive powers (president veto), shared powers (congress start war + president is commander), and negative (checks) powers
38
Articles of Confederation
A governing incumbent that created a union of 13 sovereign states in which the states, not the ntl govt were supreme
39
Unicameral
Only one chamber PRO - raise army/navy —> but no money CON - can’t force states to carry out policies - ntl gov asks states for $ —> govt sells land - states have control over trade - Congress can’t regulate interstate commerce - no individual judicial branch
40
Shay’s Rebellion
A popular uprising against the govt of Massachusetts - cause: “shortage of hard money” can’t pay debts + rising taxes
41
Goals of the Constitutional Convention
1. Selecting Washington as President 2. Creation of stronger fiscal + military state
42
Habeas corpus
The right of people detained by the government to know the charges against them
43
Ex post facto laws
A law punishing people for acts that were or crimes at the time they were committed
44
Separation of powers
A design of government that distributes powers across institutions in order to avoid making one branch too powerful on its own
45
Checks and Balances
A design of govt in which each branch has powers that can prevent the other branches from making policy decisions
46
Expressed or eumerated powers
Authority specially granted to a branch of the government in the consitution
47
Necessary and proper or elastic clause
Granting congress the powers necessary t carry out its enumerated powers
48
Supremacy clause
Constitutional provision declaring that the constitution and all national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land
49
Amendment
The process by which changes may be made to the consitution
50
Amending documents need to be…
Officially proposed and ratified
51
To be officially proposed…
1. Passage by 2/3 vote in both House + Senate and OR 2. Passage in ntl convention —> 2/3 states
52
To be ratified…
1. Majority vote in 3/4 state legislature OR 2. Acceptance by ratifying conventions in 3/4 states
53
Federalist Papers
A series of 85 essays by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay publish in 1787 and 1788
54
Federalist No. 51
Madison argues that separation of powers + federalism —> prevents tyranny
55
Federalist No. 10
Madison argues that dangers of faction can be mitigated by large republic/rep govt
56
Bill of rights
A list of rights and liberties that govt cannot take away

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