3- Peritoneal Cavity & Mesenteries Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the Peritoneal Cavity?
Anterior = Anterior Abdominal Wall Posterior = Posterior Abdominal Wall Superior = Respiratory Diaphragm Inferior = Floor of Pelvic Cavity
This lines the inner surface of the abdominal wall.
Parietal Peritoneum
This covers many of the abdominal organs.
Visceral Peritoneum
T/F. The peritoneal cavity between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is a space containing vessels and nerves.
False. This is a potential space, there should be nothing in it except for peritoneal (serous) fluid. If it fills then something is wrong.
What is the function of the Peritoneum?
- Produce peritoneal fluid, which lubricates the peritoneum.
- Minimize friction between abdominal organs.
- Resist infection by:
- - Producing Abs
- - Producing leukocytes
- - Localizing infection
The peritoneal cavity has two subdivisions, which are continuous. The smaller of these subdivisions is the…
Lesser Sac (Omental Bursa)
This peritoneal cavity subdivision is located between the Lesser Omentum and Greater Omentum. Also behind the stomach and caudate lobe of the Liver.
Lesser Sac (Omental Bursa)
The Lesser Sac is closed off from the major peritoneal cavity (Greater Sac), except for the communication through the…
Epiploic Foramen
This is attached to the Transverse Colon, and divides the Peritoneal Cavity into a Supracolic and Infracolic Compartment.
Transverse Mesocolon
What is within the Supracolic Compartment of the Peritoneal Cavity?
Stomach
Liver
Spleen
The Infracolic Compartment lies posterior to the Greater Omentum. What is within this compartment?
Small Intestine
Ascending Colon
Descending Colon
The Greater Sac is the main and larger portion of the Peritoneal Cavity. An incision through the ________ or ________ abdominal wall enters the Greater Sac.
Anterior
Lateral
T/F. The peritoneal cavity is completely closed in males.
True
In females, there is a communication pathway for the peritoneal cavity to the external world via what?
Uterine Tubes
Uterine Cavity
Vagina
***Provides potential pathway for infection from exterior to peritoneal cavity!
What are the boundaries of the Epiploic Foramen?
Anterior = Hepatoduodenal Ligament
Posterior = Parietal Peritoneum covering Inferior Vena Cava
Superior = Peritoneal reflection from liver (caudate lobe) to front of Inferior Vena Cava
Inferior = 1st part of Duodenum
This is a double-layered membrane of peritoneum, which provides a channel through which vessels, nerves, and lymphatics travel to reach various abdominal organs.
Mesentery
Where does the Mesentery attach?
Posterior Abdominal Wall
Jejunum
Ileum
There is a variable amount of _______ deposited within the Mesentery.
Fat
This attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach and 1st part of the duodenum to the liver.
Lesser Omentum
The Lesser Omentum has two parts, which are what?
Hepatoduodenal Ligament
Hepatogastric Ligament
This attaches the greater curvature of the stomach and the 1st part of the duodenum to the transverse colon.
Greater Omentum
Peritoneal ________ consist of two layers of peritoneum that connect one organ with another organ or to the abdominal wall.
Ligaments
This ligament attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall.
Falciform Ligament
This attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver (part of Lesser Omentum).
Hepatogastric Ligament
This attaches the 1st part of the duodenum to the liver (part of Lesser Omentum).
Hepatoduodenal Ligament
This attaches the fundus of the stomach to the diaphragm.
Gastrophrenic Ligament
This attaches the stomach to the hilum of the spleen.
Gastrosplenic Ligament
This is the apron-like part of the Greater Omentum that attaches the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon.
Gastrocolic Ligament
This is a pouch of peritoneum that is formed by a peritoneal fold (i.e., Inferior recess of the Omental Bursa between the layers of the Greater Omentum).
Peritoneal Recess
This is the inflammation of the peritoneum, usually caused by bacterial contamination, which results in severe abdominal pain, tenderness, nausea, and/or vomiting, fever, and constipation.
Peritonitis
What are causes of peritonitis?
- Bursed viscera (i.e., ruptured appendix)
- Perforated viscera (i.e., perforated gastric ulcer)
- Physical trauma to viscera (i.e., knife or bullet wound)
This is excess peritoneal fluid in the peritoneal cavity, and causes include mechanical injury, portal hypertension, metastasis of cancer to the abdominal viscera, and starvation.
Ascites
What is a major cause of ascites?
Cirrhosis
***Common with alcoholics!
A frequent complication of ascites is a _______ _______, located in the peritoneal lined space between the diaphragm and liver.
Subphrenic Abscess
***This space is called the Subphrenic Recess!
The flow of ascitic fluid and spread of intraperitoneal infections typically involves the ________ ________, which are located immediately lateral to the ascending and descending colon. The ascitic fluid passes inferiorly through these into the pelvic cavity.
Paracolic Gutters
Another possibility for spread of infection is for pelvic infections to travel to the _______ _______ via the Paracolic Gutters.
Subphrenic Recess
What are the causes for getting fluid in the Omental Bursa (Lesser Sac)?
- Perforated posterior stomach wall
- Pancreatitis
- Trauma to pancreas
