Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIGU - Week 1 > 10- Abdominal Autonomics & Pain > Flashcards

10- Abdominal Autonomics & Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic Plexuses are collections of sympathetic __________ axons and parasympathetic __________ axons, as well as some visceral sensory axons.

A

Postganglionic

Preganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This autonomic plexus consists of the Celiac Plexus, Superior Mesenteric Plexus, and Inferior Mesenteric Plexus. It provides autonomic control of digestion.

A

Abdominal Aortic Plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This autonomic plexus innervates the pelvic viscera. It provides autonomic control oof the urinary and reproductive functions.

A

Hypogastric Plexuses (Superior and Inferior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Briefly describe the parasympathetic pathway.

A

Begins craniosacral with a long preganglionic fiber that releases ACh. Synapses onto ganglia close to the target organ. Short postganglionic fibers also release ACh.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Briefly describe the sympathetic pathway.

A

Begins thoracolumbar with a short preganglionic fiber that releases ACh. Synapses in sympathetic trunk ganglia (paravertebral) or passes through and goes to other ganglia (prevertebral). Long post ganglion fibers go to target organs and release NE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Abdominopelvic Splanchnic Nerves synapse on what prevertebral ganglia?

A

Celiac Ganglion
Aorticorenal Ganglion
Superior Mesenteric Ganglion
Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fight-or-Flight function of the ANS may involve a single effector or many effectors. In ________ ________, a large number of ganglionic neurons activate many effector organs. This causes a heightened sense of alertness due to stimulation of the reticular activation system.

A

Mass Activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies are housed in the lateral horn of the ________ regions of the spinal cord.

A

T1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic axons travel with the somatic motor neuron axons to exit the spinal cord and first enter the (ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR) roots and then the T1-L2 spinal nerves.

A

Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Immediately anterior to the paired spinal nerves are the left and right ________ ________. Each is located immediately lateral to the vertebral column.

A

Sympathetic Trunks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A sympathetic trunk looks much like a string of beads. The (BEADS/STRING) are composed of bundles of axons. The (BEADS/STRING) are the sympathetic trunk (or paravertebral) ganglia, which house sympathetic ganglionic neuron cell bodies.

A

String

Beads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F. One sympathetic trunk ganglion is approximately associated with each spinal nerve.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

As opposed to the eight cervical spinal nerves, the cervical portion of each sympathetic trunk is partitioned into only three sympathetic trunk ganglia, which are…

A

Superior Cervical Ganglion
Middle Cervical Ganglion
Inferior Cervical Ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Connecting the spinal nerves to each sympathetic trunk are ________ ________ ________. They carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk. They are only associated with the T1-L2 spinal nerves. Similar to “entrance ramps” on a highway.

A

White Rami Communicantes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Preganglionic axons are __________, which is why the white ramus has a whitish appearance.

A

Myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The ________ ________ ________ carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerve. Axons are unmyelinated. Similar to “exit ramps” on a highway.

A

Gray Rami Communicantes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

(WHITE/GRAY) Rami connect to all spinal nerves, including the cervical, sacral, and coccygeal spinal nerves. In this way, sympathetic information that started out in the thoracolumbar region can be dispersed to all parts of the body.

A

Gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the sympathetic pathways (4)?

A

Spinal Nerve Pathway
Postganglionic Sympathetic Nerve Pathway
Splanchnic Nerve Pathway
Adrenal Medulla Pathway

***Review slides 26-31! Pretty self explanatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Splanchnic nerves serving the abdomen and pelvis are composed of _________ sympathetic axons. They run anteriorly from the sympathetic trunk to most of the viscera. Should NOT be confused with the pelvic splanchnic nerves associated with parasympathetic division nor with cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves!

A

Preganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Splanchnic nerves (all of these are SYMPATHETIC) have specific names, which are…

A 
Greater Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves
Lesser Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves
Least Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves
Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves
Sacral Splanchnic Nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Splanchnic nerves terminate in _________ ganglia. They are called this because they are immediately anterior to the vertebral column on the anterolateral wall of the abdominal aorta.

A

Prevertebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The parasympathetic division is also called the _________ division. Primarily concerned with conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores. Is most active when the body is at rest or digesting a meal.

A

Craniosacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The _______ _______ is the source of parasympathetic stimulation for the thoracic and most abdominal organs to the left colic (splenic) flexure.

A

Vagus Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_______ _______ _______ take over parasympathetic innervation for the distal gut tube and the pelvic viscera.

A

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (S2-S4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The Vagus N. has what parasympathetic effects on the following? —

    • Heart
    • Respiratory Organs
    • Bronchial Passages
    • Esophagus
    • Abdominal Viscera
A

– Decreases heart rate

– Decreases respiration

– Constricts bronchial passages, excites mucous production

– Promotes swallowing and peristalsis

– Promotes digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic axons from neuron cell bodies in the lateral horn contribute to the formation of what plexuses?

A

Superior and Inferior Hypogastric Plexus

27
Q

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (parasympathetic) effect what organs?

A
    • Distal portion of large intestine
    • Rectum
    • Most reproductive organs
    • Urinary bladder (contracts)
    • Distal ureters
    • Erection
28
Q

Visceral afferents travel with the sympathetics and parasympathetics. 80% of fibers in ________ are afferents and 20% of fibers in the ________ ________ are afferent.

A

Vagus

Splanchnic Nerves

29
Q

Physiologic receptors (innocuous input) will travel with the (SYMPATHETICS/PARASYMPATHETICS). Pain will travel with the (SYMPATHETICS/PARASYMPATHETICS), except for below the pelvic pain line.

A

Parasympathetics

Sympathetic

30
Q

What is the boundary for the pelvic pain line (superior and inferior)?

A

Plane of sternal angle
Middle of sigmoid colon

***Between the two structures is sympathetic! Outside of each of them is parasympathetic!

31
Q

Visceral afferents with input for physiologic reflexes travel with _________ or ________ ________.

A

Vagus

Pelvic Splanchnics

32
Q

Visceral afferents with input for pain travel with the _________.

A

Sympathetics

33
Q

Visceral afferents with input for pain travel with the ____________ distal to middle of sigmoid colon.

A

Parasympathetics

34
Q

How long is the duration for acute abdominal pain?

A

< 3 days

35
Q

How long is the duration for chronic abdominal pain?

A

> 3 weeks

36
Q

How long is the duration for subacute abdominal pain?

A

3 days to 3 weeks

37
Q

(VISCERAL/SOMATIC) pain has the following characteristics:

    • Diffuse and poorly localized
    • Often referred to somatic regions
    • Injury to internal organs and tissues that support them
A

Visceral

38
Q

(VISCERAL/SOMATIC) pain has the following characteristics:

    • Well localized
    • Caused by injury to skin, muscles, bone, joint, and CT
A

Somatic

39
Q

Parietal abdominal pain is caused by irritation of fibers that innervate the ________ ________. Parietal pain, in contrast to visceral pain, can be localized to the dermatome superficial to the site of the painful stimulus.

A

Parietal Peritoneum

40
Q

As the underlying disease process evolves, the symptoms of visceral pain give way to the signs of parietal pain, causing tenderness and guarding. As localized ________ develops further, rigidity and rebound appear.

A

Peritonitis

41
Q

________ pain can be localized by the sensory cortex to an approximate spinal cord level determined by the embryologic origin of the organ involved.

A

Visceral

42
Q

Foregut organs (stomach, duodenum, biliary tract) produce pain in the…

A

Epigastric region

43
Q

Midgut organs (most small bowel, appendix, cecum) cause _________ pain.

A

Periumbilical

44
Q

Hindgut organs (most of colon, including half of sigmoid) as well as the intraperitoneal portions of the genitourinary tract cause pain initially in the _________ or ________ area.

A

Suprapubic

Hypogastric

45
Q

Pain from the following is present in what abdominal region?

    • Gallstones
    • Cholangitis
    • Hepatitis
    • Liver Abscess
A

Right Hypochondriac

46
Q

Pain from the following is present in what abdominal region?

    • Spleen Abscess
    • Acute Splenomegaly
    • Spleen Rupture
A

Left Hypochondriac

47
Q

Pain from the following is present in what abdominal region?

    • Esophagitis
    • Peptic Ulcer
    • Perforated Ulcer
    • Pancreatitis
A

Epigastric

48
Q

Pain from the following is present in what abdominal region?

    • Ureteric Colic
    • Pyelonephritis
A

Right Flank or Lumbar

Left Flank or Lumbar

49
Q

Pain from the following is present in what abdominal region?

    • Appendicitis (early)
    • Mesenteric Adenitis
    • Meckel’s Diverticulitis
    • Lymphomas
A

Umbilical

50
Q

Pain from the following is present in what abdominal region?

    • Appendicitis (late)
    • Crohn’s Disease
    • Cecum Obstruction
    • Ovarian Cyst
    • Ectopic Pregnancy
    • Hernias
A

Right Inguinal

51
Q

Pain from the following is present in what abdominal region?

    • Diverticulitis
    • Ulcerative Colitis
    • Constipation
    • Ovarian Cyst
    • Hernias
A

Left Inguinal

52
Q

Pain from the following is present in what abdominal region?

    • Testicular Torsion
    • Urinary Retention
    • Cystitis
    • Placental Abruption
A

Hypogastric (Pubic)

53
Q

________ ________ is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus/origin. It is the result of a network of interconnecting sensory nerves, that supplies many different tissues.

A

Referred Pain

54
Q

Retroperitoneal structures are the ________, ________, and ________. Pathology involving these structures frequently involves surrounding tissues. Patient gets back pain.

A

Pancreas
Kidney
Aorta

55
Q

This type of pain is intermittent and cramp-like. It is caused by obstruction of hollow muscular viscus (i.e., bowel obstruction from adhesions, stone in ureter, stone in neck of gall bladder), GI tract (foregut, midgut, or hindgut), and urinary tract (loin to groin).

A

Colicky Pain

56
Q

What disorder is being described?

    • Foregut visceral pain
    • Worse on eating; patient tends to avoid meals
A

Gastric Ulcer

57
Q

What disorder is being described?

    • Foregut chronic visceral pain
    • Sudden severe pain spreading all over abdomen
    • Signs of generalized peritonitis
A

Perforated Gastric Ulcer

58
Q

What disorder is being described?

    • Foregut visceral pain
    • Somatic pain in RUQ
    • Referred pain to right shoulder
    • Nausea and vomiting
    • Fever
    • Tender RUQ
    • Positive Murphy’s sign
A

Acute Cholecystitis

59
Q

What disorder is being described?

    • Midgut visceral pain
    • Somatic pain in RLQ
    • Nausea and vomiting
    • Fever
    • Tender RLQ
    • If ruptured, patient will have signs of localized peritonitis in RLQ
A

Acute Appendicitis

60
Q

What disorder is being described?

    • History of previous abdominal surgery (i.e., appendectomy)
    • Midgut visceral colicky pain
    • Vomiting
    • No flatus or bowel action
    • Possible dehydration
    • Distended soft abdomen; non-tender
    • Increased bowel sounds
A

Adhesive SBO

61
Q

What disorder is being described?

    • Sudden onset of very severe colicky pain from loin to groin; also severe back pain
    • Patient writhing with pain and pacing about
    • Possible hematuria
    • Afebrile
    • Soft abdomen
    • Tender renal angle
A

Passage of kidney stone

62
Q

What disorder is being described?

    • Older age patient
    • Weight loss
    • Hindgut visceral colicky pain
    • No flatus or feces
    • Distended abdomen
    • Possible mass to feel in LLQ
    • Increased bowel sounds
A

Obstructing cancer of descending colon

63
Q

What disorder is being described?

    • Woman of childbearing age
    • Missed her last menstrual period
    • Sudden onset of severe pain in hypogastrium radiating to sacral area
    • Afebrile
    • Localized peritonitis in suprapubic (hypogastric) area
    • Tenderness in rectouterine pouch on DRE or vaginal examination
A

Ruptured ectopic pregnancy

64
Q

What disorder is being described?

    • Elderly male with history of atherosclerotic disease such as hypertension or cardiac disease
    • Sudden onset of severe back pain
    • Pale and shocked; hypotensive
    • Tender epigastrium
    • Palpable impulse from aneurysm in epigastrium
A

Leaking aortic aneurysm

GIGU - Week 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions