3 P's of pregnancy (signs of pregnancy)

Question 1

3 signs

Answer 1

1) presumptive: subjective changes
2) probable: objective changes
3) positive: diagnostic changes

Question 2

presumptive changes

Answer 2

• amenorrhea
• nausea/vomiting
• urinary frequency
• breast tenderness
• quickening: perception of fetal movement

Question 3

probable changes

Answer 3

• changes in pelvic organs (chadwick, goodells, hegar signs of uterine enlargement)
• enlargement of the abdomen
• braxton hick’s contractions
• pigmentation of skin (chloasma, linea nigra, areola)
• abdominal striae
• ballottement
• positive pregnancy sign

Question 4

positive changes

Answer 4

diagnostic changes:
- fetal heartbeat: usually heard via doppler at 10-12 weeks, seen earlier on ultrasound
- fetal movement: can be felt by mother at 16-22 weeks, by provider around 20 weeks
- visualization of the fetus on ultrasound