3: Osteology, Radiology & Common # of Skull & Cervical Spine Flashcards
What are the 8 cranial bones? (6 things)
- Frontal
- Parietal (L + R)
- Temporal (L + R)
- Occipital
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
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Label the cranial bones
What is the only join in the skull?
Temporal Mandibular Joint (TMJ)
What parts of the ear does the Temporal bone have? (2 things)
- Inner
- Middle
What are the main parts of the Temporal bone? (7 things)
- Squamous
- Mastoid
- Tympanic
- Styloid process
- Zygmatic process
- TMJ
- External Auditory Opening
What are the parts of the Sphenoid bone?
- Sella Turcica (turkish saddle)
* Fossa where pituitary gland sits - Chiasmatic sulcus (aka Optic Groove)
* Where optic nerves cross - Foramina (Rotundum, Ovale, Spinosum)
What does the Ethmoid bone have?
Cribiform plate
- Root of nasal cavity
- Where olfactory nerve enters nose
3iffmoid (smell related)
What are the 14 facial bones? (8 things)
- Zygomatic (2) = cheek bones
- Lacrimal (2) = tear drop place
- Nasal (2) = in between nose
- Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) = inside nasal cavity
- Palatine (2) = @ back of oral cavity
- Maxilla (2) = part of upper jaw + hard palate
- Vomer = posterior aspect of nasal spetum
- Mandible = jaw bone, forms TMJ
Label the facial bones
What is the function of the Inferior Nasal Conchae?
Increases s.a of nasal cavity → Increases amount of inspired air in contact with nasal cavity
What are the 4 main types of skull fractures?
- Linear
- Depressed
- Compound
- Basilar (base of skull #)
What are the characteristics of Linear skull fractures? (2 things)
- Thin line
- NO splintering / depression / distortion of bone
What are the characteristics of Depressed skull fractures?
Bone pushed towards brain
What are the characteristics of Compound skull fractures? (3 things)
- Break in / loss of skin
- Splintering of bone
- Brain injury + bleeding
What are the characteristics of Basilar skull fractures?
Involves base of skull
What areas are more prone to fractures? (5 things)
- Squamous Temporal
- Parietal
- Sphenoid air sinus
- Foramen magnum
- Inner parts of sphenoid wing @ skull base
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What are the signs and symptoms of skull fractures? (6 things)
- Bleeding
- Bruising
- CSF draining through ears + nose
- Swelling
- Confusion / loss of consciousness
- Slurred speech
What are 2 types of Cervical spine fractures?
- Hangman’s Fracture
- Fracture of Dens
What is a Hangman’s Fracture?
Fracture of pars interarticularis of C2 (axis)
Pars interarticularis = bony column between superior & inferior articulating facets
Why are Hangman’s Fractures lethal? (2 points)
- Spinal cord is ruptured
- Can cause deep unconsciousness / resp + cardiac failure
What’s the difference between stable and unstable fractures?
Stable: only anterior column involved
Unstable: anterior + middle columns involved
What is a fracture of the Dens?
Unstable fracture
Dens is thing sticking upwards from axis (C2)
What does fracture of Dens increase the risk of?
- Avascular Necrosis (AVN)
* Bc isolation of distal fragments from any blood supply - Spinal cord involvment
What are the exits of the cranial nerves (in order or cranial nerves)? (14 things)
- Cribriform Plate
- Optic Canal
- Superior Orbital Fissure
- Superior Orbital Fissure
- Superior Orbital Fissure
- Rotundum (foramen rotundum)
- Ovale (foramen ovale)
- Superior Orbital Fissure
- Internal Acoustic Meatus
- Internal Acoustic Meatus
- Jugular Foramen
- Jugular Foramen
- Jugular Foramen
- Hypoglossal Canal
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What are the Cranial Nerves in order? (12 things)
- Olfactory
- Optic
- Occulomotor
- Trochlear
- Trigeminal
- Opthalmic
- Maxillary
- Mandibular
- Abducens
- Facial
- Vestibular cochlear
- Glossopharyngeal
- Vagus
- Accessory
- Hypoglossal
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Where does the Olfactory nerve (CN 1) exit the skull from?
Cribriform plate
Where does the Optic nerve (CN 2) exit the skull from?
Optic canal
Where does the Occulomotor nerve (CN 3) exit the skull from?
Superior Orbital Fissure
Where does the Trochlear nerve (CN 4) exit the skull from?
Superior Orbital Fissure
Where does the Trigeminal Opthalmic nerve (CN V1) exit the skull from?
Superior Orbital Fissure
Where does the Trigeminal Maxillary nerve (CN V2) exit the skull from?
Foramen Rotundum
Where does the Trigeminal Mandibular nerve (CN V3) exit the skull from?
Foramen Ovale
Where does the Abducens nerve (CN 6) exit the skull from?
Superior Orbital Fissure
Where does the Facial nerve (CN 7) exit the skull from?
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Where does the Vestibular cohclear nerve (CN 8) exit the skull from?
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Where does the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9) exit the skull from?
Jugular foramen
Where does the Vagus nerve (CN 10) exit the skull from?
Jugular foramen
Where does the Accessory nerve (CN 11) exit the skull from?
Jugular foramen
Where does the Hypoglossal nerve (CN 11) exit the skull from?
Hypoglossal canal
What Cranial nerve is to do with smelling?
Olfactory
What Cranial nerve is to do with seeing?
Optic
What Cranial nerves are to do with eye movements? (2 things)
- Occulomotor
- Trochlear
What Cranial nerves are to do with facial sensation? (3 things)
Trigeminal nerves
- Opthalmic
- Maxillary
- Mandibular
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What Cranial nerve is to do with abducting the eye?
Abducens
What Cranial nerve is to do with balance?
Vestibular part of Vestibular cochlear
What Cranial nerve is to do with hearing?
Cochlear part of vestibular cochlear
What Cranial nerve is to do with reducing the HR?
Vagus
What Cranial nerve is to do with tongue?
Hypoglossal
