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ETA 5: HEAD & NECK > 2: Blood Supply & Lymphatics of H & N > Flashcards

2: Blood Supply & Lymphatics of H & N Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main blood supply to the Head & Neck?

A

Common Carotid Artery:

  • Internal CA: Brain (w. vertebral artery)
  • External CA: Face, scalp, skull
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2
Q

What is the blood supply of the face and scalp?

A

ECA

Except 2 small ICA branches: supratrochlear + supraorbital

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3
Q

What is the blood supply of the scalp?

A

ECA → Maxillary Artery → Middle Meningeal Artery

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4
Q

What do the veins of the H & N follow?

A

The arteries of the H & N

Follow them anteriorly

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5
Q

What is the superficial drainage of the H & N?

A

Into EJV

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6
Q

What is the deep drainage of the H & N?

A

Into IJV

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7
Q

What is a potential route of infection through veins in face?

A

Face + Scalp veins drain → cavernous sinus drains → pterygoid plexus inside skull

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8
Q

What are the 8 branches of the External Carotid Artery?

A
  1. Superior Thyroid
  2. Ascending Pharyngeal
  3. Lingual

4. Facial

  1. Occipital
  2. Posterior Auricular

7. Maxillary

8. Superficial Temporal

Some African Ladies Found Our Pyramids Most Satisfactory

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9
Q

What are the 6 Cervical triangles of the neck?

A
  1. Submandibular
  2. Submental
  3. Carotid
  4. Occipital
  5. Muscular
  6. Supraclavicular
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10
Q

What are the borders of the Submandibular triangle of the neck?

A

Superior: Mandible

Posterior: Posterior belly of Digastric Muscle

Anterior: Anterior belly of Digastric Muscle

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11
Q

What are the borders of the Submental triangle of the neck?

A

Inferior: Hyoid Bone

Medial: Midline of neck

Lateral: Anterior belly of Digastric muscle

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12
Q

What are the borders of the Carotid triangle of the neck?

A

Superior: Posterior belly of Digastric muscle

Lateral: SCM

Inferior: Omohyoid

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13
Q

What are the borders of the Occipital triangle of the neck?

A

Anterior: SCM

Posterior: Trapezius

Inferior: Omohyoid

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14
Q

What are the borders of the Muscular triangle of the neck?

A

Superior: Hyoid

Medial: Midline of neck

Supero-lateral: Omohyoid

Infero-lateral: SCM

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15
Q

What are the borders of the Supraclavicular triangle of the neck?

A

Superior: Omohyoid

Inferior: Clavicle

Anterior: SCM

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16
Q

What are the contents of the Carotid Triangle? (3 things)

A
  1. Common carotid artery
  2. IJV
  3. Hypoglossal + Vagus Nerves
17
Q

What are the contents of the Submandibular Triangle? (3 things)

A
  1. Submandibular gland (salivary)
  2. Lymph nodes
  3. Facial artery + vein
18
Q

What are the contents of the Muscular Triangle? (3 things)

A
  1. Infrahyoid muscles
  2. Pharnyx
  3. Thyroid + Parathyroid glands
19
Q

What must a lymphatic drainage of a tissue pass through?

A

At least ONE lymph node

20
Q

Where does lymph move from and to?

A

Cellular environment → R / L subclavian vein @ thoracic duct

21
Q

What are lymph nodes? (2 points)

A
  1. Interruptions within lymphatic vessels
  2. Act as filters
22
Q

What are some important groups of nodes? (3 things)

A
  1. Axillary
    * Important in breast cancer
  2. Para-aortic
  • Drain into abdomen
  • Important in intestinal fat absorption
  • Imporant in gut pathogen management
  1. Cervical chains
    * Important for H & N
23
Q

What are H & N lymph nodes classified into? (2 things)

A
  1. Regional Nodes
    * Drain specific regions of H & N
  2. Terminal Nodes
    * Drain entirity of of H & N

Regional drain → Terminal

24
Q

What are the Regional Lymph nodes of the H & N? (6 things)

A
  1. Submental
  2. Submandibular
  3. Pre-auricular
  4. Posterior Auricular
  5. Occipital
  6. Superficial cervical
25
Q

What are the Terminal Lymph nodes of the H & N? (3 things)

A
  1. Jugulo-digastric
  2. Deep cervical chain
  3. Jugulo-omohyoid
26
Q

When do lypmh nodes swell? (2 things)

A
  1. Normal immune response to pathogen
  2. Cancer
27
Q

How do lymph nodes swell in cancer? (2 steps)

A
  1. Metastatic cells get lodged in node
  2. Cells proliferate → enter blood + block lymph flow
28
Q

What are 2 clinically important lymph nodes?

A
  1. Virchow’s Node
  • @ L supraclavic fossa
  • Swells in gastric cancer
  1. Jugulo-digastric
  • Drains tonsils
  • Swell in tonsilitis

ETA 5: HEAD & NECK (4 decks)

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