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BDS3 ANATOMY > 3 - Organisation of the Neck and Posterior Triangle > Flashcards

3 - Organisation of the Neck and Posterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the neck?

A

Superior - base of skull, inferior border of mandible
Inferior - top of sternum, clavicle, acromion and C7

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2
Q

What are the neck compartments?

A
  • visceral compartment
  • vascular compartments (2)
  • vertebral compartment
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3
Q

What is the visceral compartment?

A
  • in the midline
  • contains parts of the respiratory system (trachea), digestive system (oesophagus) and endocrine glands
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4
Q

What are the vascular compartments?

A
  • 2 laterally
  • contain blood vessels and nerves (CN X)
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5
Q

What is the vertebral compartment?

A
  • in the midline
  • contains cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, muscles, cervical neves
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6
Q

What are the different types of fascia in the neck?

A
  • superficial fascia (cervical subcutaneous tissue)
  • deep fascia (investing, pretracheal, prevertebral)
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7
Q

Describe superficial fascia.

A
  • cervical subcutaneous connective tissue
  • continuous with superficial fascia of thorax
  • connects to mandible and facial muscles
  • contains cutaneous nerves, vessels, lymph nodes and fat
  • contains platysma (anterolaterally)
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8
Q

What is investing fascia?

A
  • surrounds all neck structures deep of the skin
  • splits into superficial and deep layers to invest the SCM and trapezius
  • pierced by external and anterior jugular veins and some nerves including cervical plexus
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9
Q

What is pretracheal fascia?

A
  • visceral part (trachea, oesophagus and thyroid gland)
  • muscular part (infra hyoid muscles)
  • forms pulley for intermediate tendon of digastric (suspends hyoid)
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10
Q

What is the prevertebral fascia?

A
  • surrounds vertebral column and the pre/post-vertebral muscles
  • pierced by cutaneous branches of cervical plexus and cervical parts of sympathetic trunk
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11
Q

What is the carotid sheath?

A
  • connects the cranial cavity with the mediastinum in the thorax
  • surrounds major vasculature (CCA/ICA/IJV) and CN X
  • blends with all 3 layers of deep fascia
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12
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A
  • inferior border of mandible
  • anterior border of SCM
  • midline of neck
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13
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A
  • posterior border of SCM
  • middle third of clavicle
  • anterior border of trapezius
  • superior nuchal line of occipital bone
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14
Q

What is the platysma?

A

Superficial muscle found in the neck, “holds everything in”

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15
Q

What is found in the SCM region?

A
  • SCM
  • great auricular nerve
  • transverse cervical nerve
  • external jugular vein
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16
Q

What is found in the posterior cervical region?

A
  • trapezius
  • cutaneous branches of posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
17
Q

What are the subdivisions of the posterior triangle?

A
  • occipital triangle
  • omoclavicular triangle (subclavian)
  • these are divided by the inferior belly of omohyoid
18
Q

What are the roof and floor of the posterior triangle?

A

Roof - investing layer of deep fascia, platysma
Floor - prevertebral fascia surrounding muscles (splenius capitis, elevator scapulae and the scalenes)

19
Q

What is the origin of SCM?

A

Sternal head (rounded) - manubrium
Clavicular head (thick/fleshy) - superior surface of medial third of clavicle

20
Q

What is the insertion of SCM?

A
  • lateral surface of mastoid process
  • lateral half of superior nuchal line
21
Q

What is the innervation of SCM?

A

Spinal accessory nerve

22
Q

What are the actions of SCM?

A
  • draws head forward (when acting bilaterally)
  • tilts head towards ipsilateral shoulder (when working unilaterally)
23
Q

What is the origin of trapezius?

A
  • superior nuchal line
  • external occipital protuberance
  • ligamentum nuchae
  • spinous processes of C7-T12
24
Q

What is the insertion of trapezius?

A
  • lateral 3rd of clavicle
  • acromion
  • spine of scapula
25
Q

What is the innervation of trapezius?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

26
Q

What are the actions of trapezius?

A
  • assist in rotating scapula during humerus abduction
  • upper fibres elevate scapula
  • middle fibres abduct scapula
  • lower fibres depress scapula
27
Q

Where do the cutaneous branches of lesser occipital nerve originate?

A

C2

28
Q

Where do the cutaneous branches of great auricular and transverse cervical nerves originate from?

A

C2, C3

29
Q

Where do the cutaneous branches of supraclavicular nerves originate from?

A

C3, C4

30
Q

Where do the muscular branches of phrenic nerve originate from?

A

C3, C4, C5

31
Q

Where do the muscular branches of ansa cervicalis originate from?

A

C1, C2, C3

32
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis?

A
  • anterior rami of C1-C3
  • has superior and inferior roots
  • innervates the infra hyoid muscles (except for the thyrohyoid)
  • loops around the carotid sheath
33
Q

What vasculature is found in the posterior triangle?

A
  • external jugular vein
  • posterior external jugular vein

BDS3 ANATOMY (27 decks)

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