17 - Temporal and infratemporal region Flashcards
What are the superior and posterior borders of the temporal fossa?
Superior (fascia) and inferior (muscle) temporal lines
What is the anterior border of the temporal fossa?
Frontal process of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of frontal bone
What is the inferior border of the temporal fossa?
Infratemporal crest, deep to zygomatic arch
What is the floor of the temporal fossa?
Frontal, parietal, temporal and great wing of the sphenoid bone (including pterion)
What is the lateral border of the infratemporal fossa?
Ramus of mandible
What is the medial border of the infratemporal fossa?
Lateral ptyergoid plate of sphenoid bone
What is the anterior border of the infratemporal fossa?
Posterior aspect of maxilla
What is the posterior border of the infratemporal fossa?
Tympanic plate, mastoid and styloid processes
What is the superior border of the infratemporal fossa?
Infratemporal crest of sphenoid bone
What is the inferior border of the infratemporal fossa?
Angle of mandible (where medial pterygoid attaches)
What is the temporal fossa?
Where the temporalis muscle lies
What is the infratemporal fossa?
Area between the cranium and the zygomatic arch, many muscles and neurovascular structure communicate through here
What muscles are found in the infratemporal fossa?
- inferior part of temporalis
- lateral ptyergoid
- medial pterygoid
What vessels are found in the infratemporal fossa?
- maxillary artery
- pterygoid venous plexus
What nerves are found in the infratemporal fossa?
- mandibular (CN V3)
- inferior alveolar
- lingual
- buccal
- chorda tympani
- otic ganglion
Describe the relationship between the buccal nerves and the lateral pterygoid.
Buccal nerve emerges from between the heads of the lateral pterygoid
What does the chorda tympani supply?
- branch of facial nerve
- carries special sensory fibres from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
What is the pterygomandibular space?
- clinical name for space between medial pterygoid and mandible
- filled with fatty tissue and pterygoid venous plexus
- area for IANB
Where is the otic ganglion located?
- medial side of CN V3
- posterior to medial pterygoid
What are the branches of CN V3?
- auriculotemporal
- inferior alveolar
- lingual
- buccal
Describe the auriculotemporal nerve.
- sensory fibres to auricle, temporal tertian and TMJ
- parasympathetic secretomotor fibres to parotid gland
- forms plexus around middle meningeal artery
Describe the inferior alveolar nerve.
- sensory fibres to mandibular teeth
- branch of mental nerve supplies sensory fibres to lower lip, chin and gingiva of mandibular incisors
- branch of nerve to mylohyoid supplies motor fibres to mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
Describe the lingual nerve.
- sensory fibres to the anterior 2/3 of tongue, floor of mouth and lingual gingivae
- joined by chorda tympani in the infratemporal fossa
What are the divisions of the maxillary artery?
- mandibular part
- pterygoid part
- pterygopalatine part
Describe the mandibular part of the maxillary artery.
Medial to mandible, passes between the pterygoids
Describe the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery.
Passes across lateral pterygoid, either superficially or deep
Describe the pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery.
Runs distally between 2 heads of lateral pterygoid, enters the pterygomandibular fissure to enter the pterygomandibular fossa
What are the branches of note in the mandibular part of the maxillary artery?
- middle meningeal artery
- inferior alveolar artery
What are the branches of note in the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery?
Buccal artery
What are the branches of note in the pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery?
- posterior superior alveolar artery
- infra-orbital artery
- descending palatine artery
What is the pterygoid nexus plexus?
- venous plexus found in the infratemporal region
- majority of veins from maxillary artery drain into this plexus
