3. Nazi racial policies: The Holocaust and the persecution of minorities Flashcards
The Holocaust:
what was it?
systematic attempt to exterminate the Jewish race in Europe
The Holocaust:
what was Nazi ideology?
Darwinist approach to race (Aryan race was superior, need to be pure)
The Holocaust:
what does William Shirer state about Nazi ideology?
“…The Jews and the Slavic peoples were the Untermenschen – subhumans.”
The Holocaust:
structuralist argument - about holocaust plan
holocaust not a long-term plan/general order, rather result increasing radicalisation of war
The Holocaust:
structuralist believe what was the invasion of Soviet Union in 1941?
turning point in fate of European Jews because Nazi’s began realise sheer number people to exterminate
The Holocaust:
structuralist - what did the final solution evolve out of?
other unsuccessful plans to eliminate the Jews;
final solution not so much willed and decreed by Hitler, rather improvised by bureaucrats competing favour Hitler’s eyes
The Holocaust:
who has the structuralist view
Martin Broszat – Historian
The Holocaust:
intentionalist - view of holocaust?
mass extermination Jews always intended Hitler meant everything he said about the Jews
The Holocaust:
intentionalist - hitler roles?
ordered process extermination begin under the cover of war; Hitler only waiting opportunity bring about ‘final solution’; Hitler took state of eliminationist anti-Semitism
The Holocaust:
historian of intentionalist?
Karl Dietrich and Eberhand Jackel
The Holocaust:
what does Ian Kershaw state?
Hitler created environment of fate for the Jews – “…Hitler had raised hopes which encouraged pressure for radical action from his subordinates”
The Holocaust:
anti-semitism?
used as scapegoats for things such as Black Death and defeat of WW1
The Holocaust:
anti-semitism measures include?
The Night of the Broken Glass – Kristallnacht
The Holocaust:
what does Goldhagen state about people killing Jews?
“an enormous number of ordinary, representative Germans became…Hitler’s willing executioners”
The Holocaust:
when did actions targeting Jews begin?
implemented within weeks of conquest of Poland (start of WW2)
The Holocaust:
what was set up 1940?
Ghettos set up in Polish cities such as Warsaw, to separate the Jewish population from the non Jewish
The Holocaust:
condition of Ghettos?
were atrocious with thousands of people crammed into small areas
The Holocaust:
what law introduced in Nov 1939?
compulsory for Jews to wear the yellow Star of David
The Holocaust:
what happened with German invasion of russia in Operation Barbarossa?
SS units followed the German army and began targeting and killing Jews in Russia
The Holocaust:
events leading up to Wannsee Conference?
summer of 1941, Nazi policy of removing Jews had failed. 31st July 1941 – Heydrich met with Goering and discussed plans to develop a solution to ‘the Jewish problem’. Eichmann observed that it was the ‘planned biological destruction of the Jewish race in the eastern territories’
The Holocaust:
when was Wannsee Conference?
Jan 1942
The Holocaust:
what was discussed at Wannsee Conference?
Heydrich held a secret meeting with 15 government and SS leaders at Wannsee to discus the final solution and find more efficient ways for killing
The Holocaust:
what happened to Jews from all over Europe?
sent to death camps throughout 1933 and 1944. Jews believed they were being resettled
The Holocaust:
where Jews taken to?
placed on overcrowded cattle trucks and taken to concentration camps such as Auschwitz
