1. Dictatorships in Germany and Italy

Question 1

European conflict that broke out with German invasion of Poland in Sept 1939 was linked to?

Answer 1

grievances expressed by dictators Hitler and Mussolini about terms of TOV

Question 2

what did 1935 Europe see?

Answer 2

democracies Britain and France hoping to maintain Versailles settlement, whilst dictators, Hitler and Mussolini, determined to destroy status quo

Question 3

what was the greatest advantage for dictators?

Answer 3

fact democratic powers’ memories of horrors of WW1 meant fear of another war outweighed desire to protect terms of Treaty

Question 4

However, in 1935, what was made according to Churchill?

Answer 4

“there was an open affront to treaties of peace upon which the LON was founded”

Question 5

what could be argued about Paris Peace Settlement of 1919?

Answer 5

1919 too hard
led to Germany survive as a united and potentially strong state capable of dominating Europe again, inevitable felt resent

Question 6

Germany: when did Adolf Hitler rose to position of German Chancellor?

Answer 6

January 1933 and quickly began eliminating all possible sources of opposition

Question 7

Germany: what did Nazi storm troopers do?

Answer 7

arrested/imprisoned all those who opposed Nazi dictatorship while one-party rule, censorship, propaganda and use of terror maintained Hitler’s rule

Question 8

Germany: Nazi economic policies reduced?

Answer 8

unemployment and stimulated economy

Question 9

Germany: Nazi ideology?

Answer 9

belief in Aryan racial supremacy, anti-Semitism, anti-communism and acceptance of militarism

Question 10

Germany: Nazi foreign policy?

Answer 10

influenced by Hitler’s racial aims and desire for Lebensraum; Germany was to strengthen again by revising TOV, uniting all Germans, achieving self-sufficiency and dominating France (rescue shame of WW1 defeat)

Question 11

Germany: what was mistake Allied made?

Answer 11

tolerate Hitler’s expansionary policies for so long

Question 12

Germany: what was economy geared for?

Answer 12

for war and there was will to go to war

Question 13

Germany: AJP Taylor about cause of war not bring cause of Lebensraum?

Answer 13

“Lebensraum, in short, did not drive Germany to war. Rather war, or a warlike policy, produced the demand for Lebensraum.”

Question 14

Italy: who became PM in Oct 1922?

Answer 14

Benito Mussolini

Question 15

Italy: By 1925 what had he done?

Answer 15

had eliminated all potential sources of opposition

Question 16

Italy: what was his ‘Corporate State concerned with?

Answer 16

with improving working and living conditions, as well as economy and relations with Catholic Church

Question 17

Italy: Although fascist Italy not as harsh as Nazi Germany what were the hallmarks?

Answer 17

death penalty and secret police were hallmarks of Mussolini’s fascist state

Question 18

Italy: foreign policy influenced by?

Answer 18

his quest to achieve military preparedness and national glory by building empire and transforming Mediterranean Sea in own personal lake

Question 19

Italy: what did economic vulnerability mean?

Answer 19

Mussolini’s caution of declaring war