3 - Molecular shape, functional groups and isomerism.

Question 1

tetravalence of carbon

Answer 1

it makes four bonds to other atoms

Question 2

hydroxyl group

Answer 2

Form Hydrogen bonds by donation or acceptance of H+

Question 3

amino group

Answer 3

NH2

basic: R-NH2 + H+

RNH3+: fully protonated at pH7

Question 4

sulphydryl group

Answer 4

-SH

Disulphide bridge covalently links two cysteines

Question 5

carbonyl group

Answer 5

C=O

X = H: Aldehyde

X = R’: Ketone

X = NH2: Amide

Question 6

carboxyl group

Answer 6

COOH

COO- :fully dissociated at pH7

Question 7

phosphate group

Answer 7

A functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms, PO4

Question 8

isomers

Answer 8

2 organic molecules with the same number of atoms of the same elements BUT different structures.

Question 9

structural isomers

Answer 9

differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms

Question 10

geometric isomers

Answer 10

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangements of their atoms around a double bond.

Question 11

Enantiomers

Answer 11

mirror images of each other

• differ only in spatial arrangements of groups around a chiral carbon
  
  • differ in the way in which they interact with other optically active compounds