3. Metabolic Rate - Oxygen Delivery Flashcards
How can metabolic rates at rest be calculated?
By measuring oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and heat consumption
What do high metabolic rates require?
Efficient delivery of oxygen to cells
Describe the heart and circulatory system of fish
One atrium, one ventricle, single circulatory system
Describe the heart and circulatory system of amphibians and reptiles
two atria, partially divided ventricle, incomplete double circulation
Describe the heart and circulatory system of mammals and birds
Two atria, two ventricles, complete double circulatory system
What do the lungs of amphibians have?
Thin walled sacs
What do the lungs of reptiles and mammals have?
Branching tubes and alveoli
What do bird lungs have?
Air sacs and undirectional flow
What are physiological adaptations required for?
Low oxygen niches (e.g. high altitude, deep diving)
What is an adaptation to high altitudes?
Increased production of red blood cells
What is an adaptation for diving?
Reduced heart rate to conserve oxygen
What is an adaptation to low oxygen environments?
Additional respiratory pigments such as myoglobin
What is VO2max?
The maximum uptake of oxygen in an organism
What is VO2max used as?
A measure of fitness in humans
The higher the value of VO2max…
the greater the degree of fitness
