3. Measures of Morbidity/Mortality (incidence, prevalence, mortality, lethality) *by example*) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Incidence?

A

the frequency of occurrences of disease, injury, or death in the study population during the time period of the study. Also known as absolute risk.

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2
Q

What is the Incidence formula?

A

Incidence = # of new cases / # of people at risk
(per unit of time)

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3
Q

what is Cumulative incidence?

A

the total number of cases of an epidemic disease reported over time

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4
Q

what is Incidence density (incidence rate)?

A

refers to the number of new events per person-time (per personmonths or person-years)

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5
Q

what is Prevalence (prevalent cases)?

A

the number of individuals in a defined population who have a specific disease or condition, at a given point in time

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6
Q

what is the formula for Prevalence?

A

Prevalence = # of existing cases / Total # of people in a population
(per unit of time)

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7
Q

What is Point prevalence?

A

refers to prevalence at a specific point in time.

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8
Q

What is Period prevalence?

A

refers to the number of persons who had a given disease at any time during a specified time interval;
It is the sum of the point prevalence at the beginning of the interval plus the incidence during the interval.

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9
Q

In period Prevalence, what happens if survival time increases?

A
  • incidence = no change
  • prevalence = increases
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10
Q

In period Prevalence, what happens if mortality increases?

A
  • incidence = no change
  • prevalence = decreases
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11
Q

In period Prevalence, what happens if recovery time is faster?

A
  • incidence = no change
  • prevalence = decreases
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12
Q

In period Prevalence, what happens if there is extensive vaccine adminstration?

A
  • incidence = decreases
  • prevalence = decreases
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13
Q

In period Prevalence, what happens if risk factor decrease?

A
  • incidence = decreases
  • prevalence = decreases
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14
Q

What is Mortality rate?

A

it is a measure of the frequency of occurrence of death in a defined population during a
specified interval.

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15
Q

What is Morbidity?

A

it is a measure of the frequency of occurrence of illness in a defined population during a
specified interval.

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16
Q

What is the formula for the mortality?

A

Deaths occurring during a given time period / Size of the population among which the deaths occurred X 10n

17
Q

Frequently used measures of mortality?

A
  • Crude death rate
  • Cause-specific death rate
  • Death-to-case ratio
  • Neonatal mortality rate
  • Post neonatal mortality rate
18
Q

what is case-fatality rate (lethality)?

A
  • is the proportion of persons with a particular condition (cases) who die from that condition
  • It is a measure of the severity of the condition.
19
Q

what is case-fatality rate (lethality) FORMULA?

A

Number of cause-specific deaths among the incident cases / Total number of incident cases X 10n