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Repro Phys > 3. Male Reproduction > Flashcards

3. Male Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

List the parts of the male reproductive tract.

A
  • Spermatic cord
  • Scrotum
  • Testis
  • Excurrent duct system
  • Accessory sex glands
  • penis
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2
Q

What is the purpose of the spermatic cord?

A
  • Provides unique thermoregulated environment for the testis
  • Provides pathway to and from the body for vasculature, lymphatics, and nervous functions
  • Suspends the testis in the scrotum
  • Also houses the ductus deferens, cremaster muscle, and pampiniform plexus
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3
Q

What muscle of the testis contracts and relaxes to facilitate blood flow and cooling efficiency of the testis?

A

cremaster muscle

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4
Q

What muscle of the testis is capable of sustained contractions to help in temperature regulation (Testis held close to body during cold temperatures)?

A

tunica dartos

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5
Q

Part of the male reproductive tract involved in temperature regulation, testicular hormone concentration, and pulse elimination?

A

pampiniform plexus

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6
Q

How many degrees Celsius cooler do the testis need to be compared to the body?

A

4 to 6° C cooler

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7
Q

What are the 4 major layers in the scrotum?

A
  • Skin
  • Tunica dartos
  • Scrotal fascia
  • Parietal tunica vaginalis
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8
Q

cremaster muscle is made of striated or smooth muscle fibers?

A

striated, cannot sustain contractions

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9
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the scrotum?

A

thermosensor
radiator
protective sac

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10
Q

tunica dartos is made of striated or smooth muscle fibers?

A

smooth, can maintain sustained contractions in intact males

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11
Q

What happens to the tunica dartos’s ability to contract in castrated males?

A

Ability of tunica dartos to contract is lost because testosterone is absent

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12
Q

What is the male gonad?

A

testes

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13
Q

Production of _____ and _____ occurs in the testis?

A

spermatozoa & testosterone

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14
Q

What are the two layers of the testicular capsule?

A

visceral tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea

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15
Q

What is the significance of the smooth muscle that undergoes rhythmic contractions in the testes?

A

“pumping action” contractions move spermatozoa into rete tubules

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16
Q

What is the mediastinum and what does it contain?

A
  • Mediastinum is the central connective tissue core of the testis
  • houses the rete tubules (tiny channels through which spermatozoa are transported out of the testis)
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17
Q

What makes up the tubular compartment?

A

seminiferous tubules with sertoli cells

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18
Q

The interstitial compartment contains what type of cells?

A

leydig cells

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19
Q

What cells produce testosterone in response to LH?

A

leydig cells

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20
Q

Where is the site of spermatogenesis?

A

seminiferous epithelium

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21
Q

What are the only somatic cells in the seminiferous epithelium?

A

sertoli cells

22
Q

What do the Sertoli cells surround?

A

the developing population of germ cells

23
Q

Which two compartments do the Sertoli cell junctional complexes separate?

A

Separate the basal from the adluminal compartments

24
Q

Which compartment contains spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes?

A

basal compartment

25
Q

Which compartment contains primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatids?

A

adluminal compartment

26
Q

Why are germ cells targeted by the immune system?

A

Germ cells are haploid, thus are foreign

27
Q

What is the purpose of the tail of the epididymis?

A

Storage and final maturation of the spermatozoa, acquisition of motility and potential fertility

28
Q

What are the three distinct regions of the epididymis?

A
  • Head (coput)
  • Body (corpus)
  • Tail (cauda)
29
Q

What is the purpose of the accessory sex glands?

A

Produce seminal plasma, the non-cellular fluid portion of semen

30
Q

What is the purpose of seminal plasma?

A

acts as a vehicle for spermatozoal delivery to the female

31
Q

Enlargements of the ductus deferens that open into pelvic urethra

A

ampullae

32
Q

Which species has the largest bulbourethral glands?

A

boar (porcine)

33
Q

list the 3 accessory sex glands

A
  • vesicular glands
  • prostate gland
  • bulbourethral glands
34
Q

what is the copulatory organ in the male?

A

penis

35
Q

What are the three parts of the penis?

A
  • Base (root)
  • Shaft (main portion)
  • Glans penis (specialized distal end)
36
Q

What is the primary factor initiating ejaculation?

A

Stimulation of the glans penis

37
Q

What type of penis do bulls, boars, and rams have?

A

Fibroelastic penis with limited erectile tissue encased in non-expandable, dense connective tissue

38
Q

What structure is unique to animals with a fibroelastic penis?

A

Sigmoid flexure: S-shaped configuration along shaft of penis

39
Q

what does the sigmoid flexure allow to happen?

A

Allows for retraction inside the body

40
Q

One of the functions of the testes is the production of the hormone ________, which is synthesized by the ________ located within the ________ of the testicular parenchyma.

A

testosterone; Leydig cells; interstitial compartment

41
Q

There are two compartments within the ______, the site where spermatogenesis occurs. The ______ serves as an anchor for _____ cells, which surround the population of germ cells.

A

seminiferous tubules; basement membrane; sertoli

42
Q

The penis consists of three parts. The base, the shaft, and the glans penis. The shaft includes an area of spongy erectile tissue known as ______

A

corpus cavernosum

43
Q

What prevents the immunological destruction of developing germ cells?

A

blood-testis barrier

44
Q

The testicular parenchyma houses the major cellular mass of the testes. It consists of what two compartments?

A

Tubular compartment and Interstitial compartment

45
Q

Bulls, boars and rams have what kind of penis?

A

fibroelastic

46
Q

Heavily populated with sweat glands that contribute to testicular temperature regulation.

A

scrotal skin

47
Q

The testes are covered by a dynamic sub-organ called the _______. This sub-organ includes the ______ which contains ______ that allows small contractions to provide pumping action for the movement of spermatozoa.

A

testicular capsule; tunica albuginea; smooth muscle fibers

48
Q

Which type of erectile tissue surrounds the penile urethra?

A

Corpus spongiosum

49
Q

What are the four muscles associated with the penis?

A
  • Urethralis
  • Bulbospongiosus
  • Ischiocavernosus
  • Retractor penis
50
Q

What cell type within the testes produces testosterone?

A

leydig cells

51
Q

name two structures involved in thermoregulation of the testes.

A

pampiniform plexus (countercurrent heat exchanger) and tunica dartos (contracts to hold testis close to the body during cold temperatures)

Repro Phys (6 decks)

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