3 - Issues and Debates

Question 1

Name and explain 2 type of gender bias

Answer 1

alpha bias – overemphasises differences between men and women

beta bias – underestimates differences between men and women

Question 2

Suggest 3 aspects of culture which may differ from country to country

Answer 2

Social roles
behavioural norms
customs
morals

Question 3

Describe cultural relativism

Answer 3

Appreciating that behaviour varies between cultures

Question 4

Suggest 1 study that demonstrates ethnocentrism

Answer 4

Ainsworth’s Strange situation

Question 5

Name 5 types of determinism

Answer 5

Hard
Soft
biological
environmental
psychic determinism

Question 6

Name 2 examples of the influence of nature and 2 examples of the influence of nurture.

Answer 6

Nature-genetics, evolutionary
Nurture- behaviourism, Social Learning, double bind

Question 7

Briefly explain how the interactionist approach differs from the nature nurture debate.

Answer 7

nature and nurture debate seen as independent factors.
Interactionist accepts that the two processes do not just interact but are impossible to separate.

Question 8

Name 2 types of reductionism

Answer 8

Biological reductionism
environmental reductionism.

Question 9

Give examples of levels of explanations

Answer 9

Highest level explain behaviour as the result of culture and society.
Middle level -Psychological explanations.
Lowest level reduce behaviour
down biological or environmental components

Question 10

Give 2 examples of research methods used in an idiographic approach and Give 2 examples of research methods used in an nomothetic approach

Answer 10

Idiographic- qualitative, case studies, thematic analysis, unstructured interviews, unstructured observations.

Nomothetic-quantitative, experiments, questionnaires

Question 11

Give 2 examples of approaches that take an idiographic approach and give 2 examples of approaches that take a nomothetic approach.

Answer 11

Idiographic - Psychodynamic, humanistic,
Nomothetic - Biological, behavioural, cognitive

Question 12

Name 3 ethical implications of research in psychology

Answer 12

Effects of research on participants
Effects of wider public
Improper use of findings
changes to legislation
culturual stereotyping
economic implications for further research

Question 13

Explain what is meant by socially sensitive research

Answer 13

where the topic area and/or group studied can have implications for society/certain groups in society
potentially leading to a change in, or justification for, the way these groups are treated/perceived