3 IS Flashcards
is a from a structured set of questions or list of questions or items used to gather data from respondents like attributes, attitudes and actions of a
population.
QUESTIONNAIRE
is a structured conversation where one participant asks questions and the other provides answers
INTERVIEW
is a face-to-face interaction/ encounter with the respondent’s actual activity
OBSERVATION
Respondents are free to answer in their own words. These types provide more detailed and qualitative data.
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS
Respondents are given predefined options to choose from. These are easier to analyze as the answers are fixed.
CLOSE-ENDED QUESTIONS
These questionnaires ask respondents to rate a
particular item or statement on a scale, often used for measuring attitudes, opinions, or
satisfaction
RATING SCALE QUESTIONS
PRIMARY SOURCES OF DATA
1. S & Q
2. I
3. E & O
4. C
5. F
6. F
7. D
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- Interviews
- Experiments and Observations
- Case Studies
- Field Studies
- Focus Groups
- Direct Measurements
SECONDARY SOURCES OF DATA
1. B & T
2. R & A
3. G & P
4. D & A
- Books and Textbooks
- Research Papers and Articles
- Government Reports and Publications
- Databases and Archives
SECONDARY SOURCES OF DATA
5. N & M
6. C & R
7. I
8. P & R
9. S & W
10. H
11. C
- News Media and Magazines
- Company Records and Reports
- Industry Reports
- Public Databases and Repositories
- Social Media and Web Analytics
- Historical Documents
- Census Data
refers to data that is collected firsthand for a specific research purpose. This data is original and has not been previously analyzed.
Primary data
refers to data that has already been collected, processed, and
published by someone else. This data is used for purposes other than the one for which
it was originally collected.
Secondary data
Different Citation Styles:
APA MLA Chicago
It is a citatation style that focuses on the author’s name and publication year, and it’s commonly used
in social sciences.
APA
It is a citation style that prioritizes the author’s name and page number for in-text citations and is
often used in humanities.
MLA
It is a citation style that offers two styles: the Notes and Bibliography system (commonly used in history, literature) and the Author-Date system (commonly used in sciences).
Chicago
Most Common Research Designs
Descriptive Research Design, Correlational Research Design,
Experimental Research Design
Purpose: To describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. This design doesn’t test hypotheses but provides a detailed picture of what is happening.
Descriptive Research Design
Methods: Surveys, case studies, observational studies, and content analysis.
Descriptive Research Design
Example: Describing the demographic characteristics of a group of consumers
using surveys or describing the behavior patterns of students in a classroom through observations.
Descriptive Research Design
Purpose: To explore the relationship between two or more variables, without manipulating them. It doesn’t establish cause and effect but identifies if a relationship exists.
Correlational Research Design
Methods: Surveys, observational data, statistical analysis (correlation
coefficients).
Correlational Research Design
Example: Studying the correlation between students’ study hours and their academic performance.
Correlational Research Design
Purpose: To determine causality by manipulating one or more independent variables and observing the effect on the dependent variable. This design aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
Experimental Research Design
Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), laboratory experiments, field
experiments.
Experimental Research Design
Example: Testing a new teaching method to see if it improves student performance by randomly assigning participants to control and experimental groups.
Experimental Research Design
