Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CS2 Exam I > 3: Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Glands- Canby > Flashcards

3: Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Glands- Canby Flashcards

1
Q

where does the pituitary gland reside?

A

saddle-shaped depression of the sphenoid bone - sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

superior to pituitray gland; inferior to pituitary gland

A

diaphragma sellae/hypothalamus;

sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

lateral to pituitary gland

A

cavernous sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anteroinferior; anterosuperior to pituitary gland

A

sphenoid sinus

optic chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens with empty sella syndrome?

A

usually asymptomatic but may result in hypopituitarism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 parts of neurohypophysis =

A

pars nervosa

infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 parts of adenohypophysis

A

pars distalis
pars tuberalis
pars intermedia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

posterior lobe=

anterior lobe =

A

pars nervosa

pars distalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

superior hypophysial arteries issues from

A

internal carotid and anterior and posterior cerebral arteriors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

inferior hypophysial arteries issue from

A

internal carotids

supplies pars nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

this capillary plexus collects oxytocin and vasopressin

A

inferior hypophysial arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

connects the superior and inferior hypophysial aa

A

trabecular a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what capillary plexus receives releasing and inhibitory hormones from the hypothalamus?

A

primary capillary plexus formed by superior hypophysial aa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

acidophils that secrete GH

A

somatotropes

most frequent cell type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acidophils that secrete prolactin

A

mammotropes

rare acidophilic stem cells are present in the normal pituitary that are capable of synthesizing and secreting both GH and prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

basophils that secrete ACTH and B-lipotropic hormone

A

corticotropes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

basophils that secrete LH and FSH

A

gonadotropes

many synthesize both LH and FSH, but some only synthesize one or the other

18
Q

basophils that secrete TSH

A

thyrotropes

19
Q

histology of pars intermedia

A

small cystic cavities filled with colloid

parenchymal cells - basophils and chromophobes

20
Q

histology of pars tuberalis

A

highly vascular - contains veins of the hypothalamohypophysial portal system

21
Q

what are the parenchymal cells of the pars tuberalis?

A

basophils producing ACTH, LH and FSH

22
Q

where do the cell bodies of the neurohypophysis reide?

A

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the posterior hypothalamus

23
Q

supporting cells of the neurohypohysis

A

pituicytes

24
Q

dilatations along the axons containing ADH and oxytoxin

A

herring bodies

25
Q

ACTH-secreting pituitary gland tumors

A

cushing’s disease

26
Q

the outer cortex is derived from… the inner medulla is derived from…

A

mesoderm

neural crest cells of neuroectoderm

27
Q

what three arteries supply the adrenal gland?

A
  1. superior suprarenal a. (inferior phrenic)
  2. middle suprarenal a. (aorta)
  3. inferior suprarenal a. (renal)

IPAR

28
Q

medullarly veins –> suprarenal v –> (R) side

A

IVC

the right suprarenal vein is particularly short

29
Q

medullarly veins –> suprarenal v –> (L) side

A

left renal vein

30
Q

‘Y” on CT imaging

A

left adrenal gland

the right is a mercedes sign

31
Q

three zones of the cortex

A

glomerulosa
fasciculata
reticularis

32
Q

what zone of the cortex secretes mineralcorticoids, principally aldosterone?

A

glomerulosa

33
Q

what zone of the cortex secretes glucocorticoid, primarily cortisol, and small amounts of androgens?

A

fasciculata

34
Q

what zone secretes chiefly androgens and small amounts of glucocorticoids?

A

reticularis

35
Q

effects of cortisol

A
  • blood glucose increased
  • blood amino acids elevated
  • cellular use of glucose is decreased
  • increased mobilization of fatty acids from adipocyte
  • reduction in fever and lymphocytes
36
Q

chromaffin cells =

A

modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons

37
Q

chromaffin cells secrete

A

primarily epinephrine and some norepinephrine

38
Q

the conversion of NE to Epi is dependent on…

A

PNMT - an enzyme activated by cortisol

39
Q

what is organ of zuckerkandl?

A

medullary tissue located around the abdominal aorta between its bifurcation and the IMA

chromaffin cells primarily produce NE with small amounts of Epi

40
Q

excessive ACTH overstimulates the cells in the zonae fasciculate and reticularis resulting in cortical hypertrophy

A

cushing disease - excessive production of ACTH

CS2 Exam I (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions