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CVS > 3 Haemodynamics > Flashcards

3 Haemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What is serum?

A

Plasma without clotting factors

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2
Q

Does blood viscosity change?

A

Overall blood viscosity is relatively constant

Plasm viscosity undergoes acute changes locally

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3
Q

What is haemodynamics?

A

The movement of blood dictated by the metabolic demands of the body

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4
Q

Describe the movement of blood in terms of pressure

A

Moves from high pressure to low pressure

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of blood flow?

A

Laminar flow

Turbulent flow

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6
Q

What is laminar flow?

A

Blood flow that maintains its energy and is smooth, silent, streamlined and regulated

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7
Q

Where does blood move fastest and slowest during laminar flow and why?

A

Fastest - Centre of the blood vessel

Slowest - edge of the blood vessel as there is the most resistance here

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8
Q

What is turbulent flow?

A

Blood flow that loses it’s energy and is disorganised/irregular and noisy

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9
Q

Why does turbulent flow occur?

A

Change in the vessel diameter

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10
Q

Why is lost during turbulent flow?

A

The pressure of the increases beyond which flow can match it linearly

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11
Q

Where does turbulent flow typically occur?

A

Stenosed arteries

Where vessels branch off (changing dricetion of vessels)

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12
Q

What is flow?

A

Volume transferred per unit time

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13
Q

What is the unit of flow?

A

L/min

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14
Q

What is pressure?

A

Force per unit area

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15
Q

What is the unit of pressure?

A

Pascal

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16
Q

What other unit is used to measure blood pressure?

A

mmHg (mm of mercury)

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17
Q

What is conductance?

A

measure of ease of flow

18
Q

What is resistance?

A

measure of difficulty of flow

19
Q

What is the relationship between conductance and resistance?

A

Reciprocal/inverse

R = -(1/K)

20
Q

What is Darcy’s law?

A

Flow = Pressure gradient / resistance
OR
Flow = Conductance x Pressure gradient

21
Q

How does the body change blood supply to organs?

A

Change resistance

22
Q

Why cant the body alter blood supply to organs via pressure?

A

Pressure is tightly regulated, as resistance is tightly regulated

23
Q

What factors could POTENTIALLY alter the resistance to flow?

A

Diameter of blood vessel
Length of blood vessel
Viscosity of blood

24
Q

Which factors DO alter resistance to flow?

A

Diameter of blood vessel - lumen size

25
Q

What is the relationship between flow and radius of blood vessel?

A

Directly proportional

Changes impact flow by the 4th power

26
Q

What is the relationship between resistance and diameter, length of vessel and viscosity?

A

R=8nL/Πr^4

27
Q

Why is resistance in the aorta low?

A

Short length, large diameter

28
Q

Which vessel contribute the greatest peripheral resistance?

A

Small arteries and arterioles

29
Q

Where is resistance lower, in the pulmonary or systemic circulation? Why? What anatomical feature of the heart demonstrates this?

A

Pulmonary circulation, as vessels are wider and shorter.
Left ventrical is thicker than rigth ventrical a it pumps blood to the systemic circulation, which has more resistance than the pulmonary circulation that the right ventricle pumps blood to

30
Q

Define velocity and give units

A

Distance a fluid moves in a given time (cm/s)

31
Q

How are flow and velocity related?

A

Flow = Corss sectional area x velocity

32
Q

What is the relationship between velocity and r^2

A

inversely related

33
Q

Why is velocity slower at capillaries and why is it useful?

A

Capillaries have a large cross sectional area, velocity is inversely related to area, so slow velocity.
This is useful for gas exchange, as it gives gases a longer time for diffusion to occur.

34
Q

What is the equation for pulse pressure?

A

Peak systolic blood pressure - end diastolic blood pressure

35
Q

What is the equation for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

A

End diastolic blood pressure - ((Peak systolic blood pressure - End diastolic blood pressure)/3)
OR
DBP - 1/3 Pulse pressure
OR
pressure gradient = resistance x flow
OR
Cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

36
Q

Below which blood pressure does organ perfusion become impaired?

A

70mm/hg

37
Q

What is cardiac output?
How is the pressure gradient measured?
How is resistance measured in mean arterial pressure?
How does this give you the equation for mean arterial pressure?

A

The amount of blood being ejected from the hear in one given systole
Mean Aortic Pressure - Central Venus Pressure
Systemic resistance is equilvalent to the Total Peripheral resistance

38
Q

What is the value of central venous pressure?

A

Almost 0

39
Q

How is cardiac output measured?

A

Stroke volume x Heart rate

40
Q

What is an average systolic blood pressure?

A

90mm/Hg

CVS (6 decks)

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