2 CVS Imaging and Anatomy

Question 1

What are the reasons for using an MRI for contrast enhanced angiography?

Answer 1

Shows soft tissue clearly

Doesn’t use ionising radiation

Question 2

What are the reasons for using CT for contrast enhanced angiography?

Answer 2

Shows bones well

Shows calcified structures well

Question 3

What are the 3 layers of an artery?

Answer 3

Tunica adventitia - connective tissue
Tunica media - smooth muscle
Tunica intima - endothelium

Question 4

What imaging technique can be used to observe the 3 different layers of an artery?

Answer 4

Ultrasound

Question 5

Why is the aorta elastic?

Answer 5

Too accomodate for varying stroke volumes

Question 6

What is the average cardiac output under resting conditions for a standard 70kg male?

Answer 6

5L/min

Question 7

What equation can be used to work out cardiac output?

Answer 7

CO = HR X SV

Question 8

What is a persons maximum heart rate?

Answer 8

220 - age

Question 9

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 9

Epicardium (part of the pericardium)- Smooth serous membrane on the outer surface of the heart
Myocardium - middle layer of cardiac muscle cells responsible for contraction of the heart
Endocardium - thin (1 cell thick) inner smooth muscle of the heart chambers (lubricant)