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CVS > 3. Haemodynamics > Flashcards

3. Haemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What is serum?

A

Plasma without clotting factors

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of blood flow?

A 
Laminar flow - smooth and silent 
Turbulent flow (vessel lumen smaller at a point) - disorganised and noisy
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3
Q

How does blood flow?

A

Form high pressure to low pressure

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4
Q

What is flow?

A

Volume transferred per unit time (L/min)

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5
Q

What is pressure?

A

Force per unit area (mmHg but SI unit is Pa)

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6
Q

What is the flow equation using K (conductance)?

A

Flow = K(delta P)

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7
Q

What is K?

A

Conductance

Measure of ease of flow

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8
Q

What is R?

A

Resistance
Measure of difficulty of flow
Reciprocal of K

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9
Q

What is the equation for flow using R?

A

Flow = delta P/R

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10
Q

What has to happen to change blood supply to an organ?

A

Change in resistance

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11
Q

What does R = delta P/flow represent?

A

The difference in mean pressure needed to move one unit of flow in steady state
mmHg min/L

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12
Q

What happens if resistance increases and flow is maintained?

A

Pressure difference has to rise

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13
Q

What are the primary factors in resistance to flow?

A

Diameter
Length of vessel
Viscosity
However vessel length doesn’t change and viscosity of blood is regulated so diameter is the most important
Small change in diameter has large change in flow

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14
Q

Which has lower resistance, pulmonary circulation or systemic system?

A

Pulmonary system - shorter and wider vessels

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15
Q

What is velocity?

A

Distance fluid moves in a given time (cm/s)

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16
Q

What is flow proportional to?

A

V x r^2

17
Q

Why is there a lower velocity in capillaries than in large arteries?

A

Allows more time for diffusion to occur

18
Q

How do you work out pulse pressure?

A

Systolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure

19
Q

How do you work out mean arterial pressure?

A

Diastolic blood pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

20
Q

How do you work out delta P?

A

Mean aortic pressure - central venous pressure

21
Q

How do you work out R (resistance)?

A

Systemic resistance - total peripheral resistance

22
Q

How do you work out total peripheral resistance?

A

Mean aortic pressure/cardiac output

23
Q

How do you work out mean arterial pressure?

A

CO x TPR (total peripheral resistance)

24
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

Volume of blood ejected and the compliance of the arterial system govern pulse pressure

25
Q

What can increase pulse pressure?

A

Heart block - bradycardia
Vasodilation
Elite athletes - systolic increased and diastolic decreases

26
Q

What do the principles of indirect BP measurement rely on?

A

Changes in type of flow - laminar and turbulent

27
Q

What is thrill and bruit?

A

Thrill can be felt

Bruit can be heard

CVS (21 decks)

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